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Terminology

Terminology. Solution = A homogeneous mixture.Solute = a substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution; usually the smaller portion.Solvent = The dissolving medium of a solution; usually the greater portion.Solubility = Amount of substance dissolved.Dilute , Concentrated , Saturated .. The Solution Process.

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Terminology

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    2. Terminology Solution = A homogeneous mixture. Solute = a substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution; usually the smaller portion. Solvent = The dissolving medium of a solution; usually the greater portion. Solubility = Amount of substance dissolved. Dilute , Concentrated , Saturated .

    12. Solution Compositions s = solute ; A = solvent; V = Tot. Vol. of solution. Weight %: Mole Fraction: Molarity: Molality:

    13. Example of Solution Compositions A solution is prepared by mixing 78.9 g of ethanol (C2H5OH) with 100.0 g of water to give 190.5 mL of solution. Calculate the solution compositions. The electrolyte in automobile lead storage batteries is a 3.75 M H2SO4 solution that has a density of 1.230 g/mL. Calculate mass %, molality, and mole fraction in terms of H2SO4 . [Hint: Assume exactly one liter of solution.] [Answers: 29.9% , 4.35 molal, 0.0727 ]

    36. Vapor Pressure Examples Calculate the expected vapor pressure at 25oC for a solution prepared by dissolving 158.0 g of common table sugar (sucrose MW=342.3) in 643.5 mL of water. At 25oC, the density of water is 0.9971 g/mL and the vapor pressure is 23.76 torr. A solution was prepared by adding 20.0 g of urea to 125 g of water at 25oC, a temperature at which pure water has a vapor pressure of 23.76 torr. The observed vapor pressure of the solution was found to be 22.67 torr. Calculate the molecular weight of urea. [Answer: 60. g/mol ]

    42. Applications of Colligative Properties A solution was made by dissolving 18.00 g of glucose in 150.0 g of water. The resulting solution was found to have a boiling point of 100.34oC. Calculate the molecular weight of glucose. How many kg of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2, MW=62.1), antifreeze, must be added to 10.0 L of water to produce a solution for use in a cars radiator that freezes at 23.3oC? Assume that the density of water is 1.00 g/mL. [Answer: 7.78 kg (with d = 1.18 g/mL => 6.59 L)]

    48. Application of Osmotic Pressure To determine the molecular weight of a certain protein, 1.00 mg of it was dissolved in enough water to make 1.00 mL of solution. The osmotic pressure of this solution was found to be 1.12 torr at 25.0oC. Calculate the molecular weight of the protein. [Answer: 1.66x104 g/mol]

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