Chapter 8 The Emergence of a Market Economy, 1815-1850

1. Chapter 8 The Emergence of a Market Economy, 1815-1850

2. The Industrial Revolution

3. Transportation and the Market Revolution • The Market Revolution- new efficiency spurs market with surplus • New Roads- necessary to provide trade • Water Transportation- steam ships and large waterways became the norm. • Demand for safe passage of goods and people changed technology.

4. Traveling the Western Waters

5. Transportation West, About 1840

6. The Erie Canal

7. Transportation and the Market Revolution, continued • Railroads- start in port towns • Less expensive to build and maintain than canals. • Spur settlements at rest stops. • Ocean Transportation- clipper ships transform shipping to continents. • The Role of Government • Need for funds created investors, state govts, and federal government using stocks

8. Growth of Railroads, 1860

9. Building a Clipper Ship

10. A Communications Revolution • Telegraph System- telegraph invented by Samuel Morse. • Connected D.C to Baltimore • American Technology • Telegraph, sewing machine, and rubber help transform the country. • Charles Goodyear and rubber for seals and gaskets

11. Agriculture and the National Economy • Cotton- • Eli Whitney’s cotton gin transform labor. • More efficient to remove seeds. • Old South states perfect climate • Expansion of Slavery • Cotton creates a boom in the South. • 1790-1860- 835,000 slaves sold • Farming the West • Overproduction in the East drained soil. • Cheap land West and panic of 1819 cause farmers to move west to start over.

12. Whitney’s Cotton Gin

13. Population Density, 1820

14. Population Density, 1860

15. The Industrial Revolution • Early Textile Manufactures • The Lowell System-near rivers and 1 roof • One stop for weaving process using nature and the rivers to churn the machines. • targeted young women as employees because they were cheaper to hire and had limited employment options; town of Lowell was founded in 1821 by a group of entrepreneurs • mills centralized all aspects of cloth production and employed more than 5,000 young women • workers lived in company-owned boardinghouses under close supervision; women were required to join the church • women worked there to earn spending money and gain unprecedented, though still limited, personal freedom of living away from parents and domestic tasks; contributed to the company newspaper, the Lowell Offering. • Industrialization and Cities

16. The Growth of Industry in the 1840s

17. Mill Girls

20. Popular Culture • Urban Recreation- boxing • Taverns and saloons meet business need • The Performing Arts • Opera houses, music halls take off • Mostly men attended

21. Bare Knuckles

22. The Crow Quadrilles

23. Immigration • The Irish- 1845 potato famine • Half moved to Nyork • Worked hardest jobs • The Germans- mostly craftsmen • Settled in rural areas and farmers, shops • The British, Scandinavians, and Chinese • Farmers and Midwest for Scand.navians • Chinese flocked to California • Nativism- natives that resented newcomers • Know-Nothings- American party that pledges to not vote Catholic.

24. A Know-Nothing Cartoon

25. Organized Labor • Early Unions • 1812- 12%worked wages • 1860-40 % worked wages • Labor Politics • Called for unions to protect artisans. • Commonwealth v Hunt- Mass. Stated forming a union is not illegal.Workers could strike • National Trades Union-1834 to organize local trade into national

26. The Shoe Factory

27. Symbols of Organized Labor

28. The Rise of Professions • Teaching- • Fastest growing job, stepping stone for men • Horace Mann of Mass. Promote free public ed • Law, Medicine, and Engineering • Little formal training for law and medicine • Engineers after Civil War become largest profession • Women’s Work • Only profession nursing. • Middle class did social work

29. This concludes the Lecture PowerPoint presentation for Chapter 8 The Emergence of a Market Economy, 1815-1850 Please visit the Student Site for more resources: http://wwnorton.com/college/history/america10/