Characteristic

1. Review the Characteristics of Living Things Section 1-3 Characteristic Examples Living things are made up of units called cells. Many microorganisms consist of only a single cell. Animals and trees are multicellular. Living things reproduce. Maple trees reproduce sexually. A hydra can reproduce asexually by budding. Living things are based on a universal genetic code called DNA. Flies produce flies. Dogs produce dogs. Seeds from maple trees produce maple trees. Living things grow and develop. Flies begin life as eggs, then become maggots, and then become adult flies. Living things obtain and use materials and energy and excrete the wastes. Plants obtain their energy from sunlight. Animals obtain their energy from the food they eat. Leaves and stems of plants grow toward light. Living things respond to their environment. Despite changes in the temperature of the environment, a robin maintains a constant body temperature. Living things maintain a stable internal environment. Taken as a group, living things change over time and acquire characteristics that help them survive. Plants that live in the desert survive because they have become adapted to the conditions of the desert. Go to Section:

2. Classification A. What is Classification? 1. Grouping things in a logical manner- similar things grouped together B. Why Classify? • B/c scientists need an effective system to study the approximate 2.5 million known organisms • So that all scientists can use the same terminology for the same species.

3. C. How are living things classified? • Biologists use Taxonomy- science of classifying and giving a scientific name to organisms. • Binomial nomenclature- two word naming system. Each species name has two parts: Genus name and Species name, usually based on Latin or Greek; ex- dogs belong to species Canisfamiliaris .

4. What is a catfish? • What is a dandelion? • What is a jellyfish? • What is a bullfrog? • What is a dragonfly?

5. American Coot?

7. Spring Peeper?

9. Brown Booby?

11. Who started all this? Carolus Linnaeus- Swedish botanist, 18th Century, developed two name system. Before Linnaeus there was no order to taxonomy. Linnaeus’s system had 7 levels of organization, each level called a taxon (taxa-pl.)

12. Classification of Ursus arctos Section 18-1 Coral snake Abert squirrel Sea star Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Mammalia ORDER Carnivora FAMILY Ursidae Species name is most specific! GENUS Ursus SPECIES Ursus arctos Go to Section:

13. Who started all this? Carolus Linnaeus- Swedish botanist, 18th Century, developed two name system. Before Linnaeus there was no order to taxonomy. Linnaeus’s system had 7 levels of organization, each level called a taxon (taxa-pl.) Linnaeus’s placed all living things in to one of two Kingdoms- Animalia or Plantae Today we have 6 kingdoms

14. Archaebacteria

15. Eubacteria

16. Protist

17. Fungi

18. Plants

19. Animals

20. Linnaeus’s System of Classification King Kingdom • Scientific Name= • Genus and Species • Ex: Homo sapien • Rules: • Genus is always capitalized and species is always lower case. • Both are always italicized or underlined Phillip Phylum Came Class Over Order For Family Great Genus Spaghetti Species

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36. Chapter 9 _______________ Archaebacteria Which can be Protists Fungi Animals Plants

37. Chapter 9 Eubacteria Archaebacteria Which can be Protists Fungi Animals Plants

38. Scientific Name Ex: Homo sapien Rules: Genus is always capitalized and species is always lower case. Both are always italicized or underlined

39. Classification of Ursus arctos Section 18-1 Coral snake Abert squirrel Sea star Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Mammalia ORDER Carnivora FAMILY Ursidae Species name is most specific! GENUS Ursus SPECIES Ursus arctos Go to Section:

40. The Six Kingdoms Organisms are placed into kingdoms based on five questions • Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic? • Unicellular or Multicellular? • Producer or Consumer? • Does it have a cell wall or not? • Does it live in extreme environments?

41. DNA Nucleus with DNA

43. 1 Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells 3

44. Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells

45. 1 2 Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells 3

46. Cell Membrane 1 2 DNA Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Cytoplasm 3

47. Cell Membrane 1 1 2 2 DNA Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells 3 4 Cytoplasm 3 5

48. 1 2 Prokaryotic Cells 3 4 5

49. 1 Bacteria No Nucleus 2 Prokaryotic Cells No Organelles 3 4 Unicellular 5 Microscopic

50. 1 Cell Membrane 1 Bacteria 2 No Nucleus 2 3 DNA Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells No Organelles 4 5 Unicellular 6 Cytoplasm 3 Microscopic 7