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Sustainable Management of Soils, Agriculture, and Forest Ecosystems: An In-Depth Review

This review examines the interplay between soils, agriculture, and forests, highlighting the importance of forest ecosystems that include large and small carnivores, herbivores, plants, fungi, detritivores, and microorganisms. It explores watershed management before and after logging and emphasizes sustainable forest use through uneven-aged stand management. The soil triangle is analyzed, covering the components of sand, silt, clay, and humus. Additionally, it discusses the impact of industrialized agriculture, the Green Revolution, and relevant legislation like the National Forest Management Act of 1976 and Swamp Lands Acts.

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Sustainable Management of Soils, Agriculture, and Forest Ecosystems: An In-Depth Review

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  1. Review for retake Soils, Agriculture, and Forests

  2. Forest ecosystem includes: • Large carnivores • Small carnivores • Herbivores • Plants • Fungi • Detritivores • Microorganisms including bacteria

  3. Watershed before and after logging Before logging After logging

  4. Sustainable use of forests • Selection systems • More sustainable • Allow uneven-aged stand management • Cuts small groups of medium and large trees at one time

  5. Review the soil triangle!

  6. Review the components of soil and their characteristics: • Sand • Silt • clay • humus

  7. Industrialized agriculture • Fossil fuel – powered • Monocultures • GMOs • irrigation • More food from the same space • Can damage soils over a long time period THE GREEN REVOLUTION

  8. Government oversight of soils and forests • Pages 246 + - soil degradation • Also review the • National Forest Management Act of 1976 • Ensures the multiple use of forests and sustainable timber yields • Healthy Forests Restoration Act • Intent was to reduce forest fires; timber companies encouraged to remove underbrush, dead wood

  9. SWAMP LANDS ACTS • 1849 – 1860 • Encouraged the conversion of swamp lands to agricultural lands • Swamps were considered “unhealthy”, and “useless” • Swamps are now usually called wetlands, and are known to provide valuable ecosystem services including water purification and aquifer recharge

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