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Microbiology

Microbiology. By: Rachel Hillard RN. What is Microbiology. An advanced biology course Biology is the study of living organisms Microbiology is the study of very small living organisms called microorganisms or microbes Microbes are ubiquitous. Types of Microorganisms . Viruses Bacteria

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Microbiology

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  1. Microbiology By: Rachel Hillard RN

  2. What is Microbiology • An advanced biology course • Biology is the study of living organisms • Microbiology is the study of very small living organisms called microorganisms or microbes • Microbes are ubiquitous

  3. Types of Microorganisms Viruses Bacteria Archaeans Certain Algae Protozoa Certain fungi

  4. Classifications of microbes • Pathogens- disease causing microbes (germs) • Only about 3% of microbes • Non-pathogens- do not cause disease and some are beneficial to us.

  5. Why study Microbiology • We have approximately 10 times as many microorganisms as cells living on and in our bodies • 10 trillion cells x 10= 100 trillion microbes • 500 to 1000 different species of microorganisms live on and in us

  6. What Microorganisms do Indigenous microflora Opportunistic pathogens Photosynthesis Decomposers or saprophytes Bioremediation (genetic engineering) Microbial ecology Plankton Phytoplankton Zooplankton Digestion Biotechnology

  7. Antibiotics Genetic engineering Cell Models

  8. Diseases • Microorganisms cause two categories of diseases: • Infectious disease • When a pathogen colonizes the body and subsequently causes disease • Causes most illnesses and deaths. • The leading cause of death in the world and 3rd in the US • 50,000 deaths per day • Microbial intoxication • Toxin is ingested that has been produced by a microorganism.

  9. Careers in Microbiology Microbiologist Bacteriologist Phycologists Protozoologists Mycologists Birologists

  10. Careers in Microbiology Agricultural Biotechnology Environmental / bioremediation Medical/ Clinical Microbial Genetics / Genetic Engineering Microbial Physiology Paleomicrobiology Parasitology Sanitary Microbiology Veterinary

  11. First Microorganisms on Earth Fossils of primitive microorganisms (as many as 11 different types) were found in ancient rock formations in northwestern Australia dating back to about 3.5 billion years ago. The earliest molecular fossils date back to between 3.7 and 4 billion years ago. First microorganisms on earth where possibly archaeans and cyanobacteria

  12. Earliest Known Infectious Diseases • Infectious diseases of humans and animals have possibly existed for as long as humans and animals • Human pathogens have existed for thousands of years as observed in the bones and internal organs of mummies and early human fossils • Bacterial diseases such as • Tuberculosis • Syphilis • Parasitic worm infections

  13. Earliest known Pestilence • Egypt about 3180 BC. • First recorded epidemic • 1000 BC Near the end of the Trojan War • the Greek army was decimated by an epidemic thought to have been the bubonic plague. • 1500 BC The Ebers papyrus describing epidemic fevers discovered in a tomb in Thebes Egypt • 1122BC in China • Disease thought to be smallpox • Plagues in • Rome 790, 710, 640 BC • Greece 430 BC

  14. Other Dieseases Rabies Anthrax Dysentery Smallpox Ergotism Botulism Measles Typhoid fever Typhus fever Diphtheria Syphilis

  15. History of Microbiology • From the discovery of the first microorganisms it took about 200 years before a connection was established between microorganisms and infectious diseases. • Significant events in early history • Development of microscopes • Bacterial staining procedures • Microorganisms cultured in the lab

  16. Pioneers in Microbiology • Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) • Father of microbiology/ bacteriology/ protozoology • First person to see live bacteria and protozoa • Not a trained scientist • As a hobby he ground tiny glass lenses and mounted in small metal frames creating single-lens microscopes or simple microscopes • He examined almost anything he could get his hands on Teeth scrapings water from ditches/ponds blood water soaked from peppercorns sperm diarrheal stools

  17. Leeuwenhoek The tiny living creatures he observed he called “animalcules” He recorded his observations in the form of letters sent to the Royal Society of London. For all of his discoveries Leeuwenhoek never associated microbes with the cause of disease.

  18. Theories Abiogenesis- spontaneous generation Biogenesis

  19. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

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