History of Canada Integration into U.S. History

1. History of CanadaIntegration into U.S. History Dean June capitalhill@rochester.rr.com Ruth Ann Writer rawriter@comcast.net

2. Different Points of View Similar History

3. Why study Canada in U.S. History Class? • United States did not evolve in vacuum! • By studying Canada, American students will learn additional and different points of view • Natural extension of U.S. History due to ties that bind • Geography • Economy • Cultural • HISTORY

4. Pre-Contact History • Migration routes—Native, Inuit • Natives knew no borders • Cultural division of Natives result of natural, geographic regions

5. http://www.tngenweb.org/maps/eastribe.jpg

7. Food Shelter Clothing Medical Education Transportation Diplomacy Leisure Family structure Gender roles Religion and mythology Study of Native Life Prior to European Contact

8. Age of Discovery • English • French

10. English Explorers • Cabot • Davis • Hudson • Baffin • Franklin

11. French Explorers • Cartier • Champlain • Brule • LaSalle • Marquette and Joliet

13. Champlain’s World 1567-1635

14. Two children of New France • Acadia • Bay of Fundy • Small farm communities • Port Royale • St. Lawrence • Saguenay • Quebec City • MontrealVoyageurs • Trois Rivieres, others • Separated by geography

15. French Colonization • Acadia • St. Lawrence and Great Lakes

16. More than Fame & Fortune • God • Glory • Gold • Invited to join party of adventures • French getting nervous • English base on Newfoundland--COD • Fishermen from Spain, Basque, England

18. Problems in Paradise? !#@*^St. Croix Island—1604-5 • Winter weather  • No fresh water  • Little lumber • Scurvy  • 35 of 79 died 1st winter • Isle of Bones • No farmland  • Safe from Natives—they KNEW 

19. Acadia

20. Seven Periods of Acadia • Acadia ... 1632 to 1653 - the core group of settlers arrive  • Acadia ... 1654 to 1670 - French immigration stops under English rule  • Acadia ... 1671 to 1689 - more arrivals under French rule  • Acadia ... 1690 to 1709 - final days as French Acadia  • Acadia ... 1710 to 1729 - Acadians settle in as in Nova Scotians • Acadia ... 1730 to 1748 - peacetime under English rule  • Acadia ... 1749 to 1755 - English pressure and Acadian farewell 

23. 1755—sent into exile • 2005—Katrina

24. Quebec City during Champlain Era1608-1635

25. Summer trip of 1609 • Allied with Hurons • Enemy of Iroquois • Travel to LaChine and Richelieu River • To heart of Iroquois nation—60,000 • Reached Lake Champlain--July

26. Battle of 1609 • Champlain stepped forward dressed for war in bloomers & a gleaming plume topped metal bonnet on his head. He raised his gun and aimed at the most prominent men standing the length of a football field away. He fired the load, four pellets and 2 Iroquois chiefs dropped dead. Demoralized by the shock of an unthinkable weapon, the Iroquois ran."—[Callwood p. 12]

27. Rest is History! • Starting Line Up for French and Indian war 150 years later

28. What destroyed Native Cultures? • More than guns • Disease—no immunity • Small pox • measles • Depression • Diet • Societal changes • Huron lost 50% of people by 1639 • Never regained population

29. New France • Voyageurs • Fur is king of North America • Urban New France • Quebec City • Montreal • Seigneurial System • Settlement and farming

30. Voyageurs • Brule • Radisson and Groselliers

31. 1615—Great Lakes Region • Brule—read about him • First white to… • 1622—Sault Ste. Marie--MICHIGAN

32. Beaver • Prized pelts • Guard hair • Under hair • Worn for winter—THE best [castor de gras] • Easily transported • Easily trapped out—extinct in some areas • BREATHING GOLD!

35. Economic Issues of Beaver • Supply—60-400 million from Rio Grande to Arctic  • 10 million in Canada alone • 155 taken in one day • 5000 in one season • Demand—fad of hats  • Cheap labor

36. Life is a highway—so were the rivers • Rivers were the routes west • No real trails • Portages between rivers and lakes • Paddle at a fast rate—16+ hours a day

37. Hudson Bay Company’s Birth1670 • Hudson Bay system of trade to North • French—longer supply line • HBC started by Radisson/Groseilliers • Took up 50% of current Canadian territory • Small posts called factories • Operated by factor • STAY ON THE BAY—factory system • Eliminated middle men—direct buying

38. HBC better deal • Blankets made of wool • Shorter trip • England had 13 colonies south of New France • Competition began

40. Urbanization • Quebec City • Montreal • St. Lawrence Valley • King’s Daughters

41. Seigneurial System

42. Competing for North America • New England • Hudson Bay Company • New France • Acadia • English v. French • Lesser known

43. Wars for Empire • European conflicts • French and Indian War • Revolutionary Era • Loyalists • Birth of two nations—not one • War of 1812

44. STRENGTHS First Nations relationship good Knew interior Control of waterway Unified End run around Eng Forts WEAKNESSES Outnumbered 20:1 Less money Poor transportation Iroquois enemy Only few key cities Montreal Quebec Louisbourg New France

45. End of New France • Series of 4 wars • Acadian Expulsion—1755 • French and Indian War • Plains of Abraham—1759 • Conquest--1763

46. Revolutionary Era • Motivation • Quebec Act • Invasions • Why 13 and not 15 colonies? • Why British North America [French speaking] sided with Britain • Only few years since French and Indian War

47. Invasion of Canada • After Quebec Act • August 1775—invasion begins • Via fur trade route Richielu River • Nov ’75—to Montreal • Siege for 55 days

48. Not good neighbors • Contempt for Catholics • Stole food • Stole firewood • Imprisoned priests • Urinated on shrine • Sent Ben Franklin—TOO LATE

49. 1776-1783 • Events of Revolutionary War • Saratoga—Burgoyne defeated • Yorktown--1781 • Ours is a history of revolution… • Canada is a history of evolution

50. Loyalists • Thousands supported British • Called TORIES [1/3] • 50,000 moved to Canada • Why did these colonists emigrate? • Where did they settle? • What was life like for them in new land?