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Nazi Germany: 1933-1945

Nazi Germany: 1933-1945. Treaty of Versailles Rhineland - 1936 Austria – Anschluss -1938 Sudetenland - Czech - 1938 Czech Refusal – Threat of War Munich Conference September, 1938 France, Great Britain, Germany Appeasement: Sudetenland give to Germany Chamberlain and Churchill.

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Nazi Germany: 1933-1945

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  1. Nazi Germany: 1933-1945 • Treaty of Versailles • Rhineland - 1936 • Austria – Anschluss -1938 • Sudetenland - Czech - 1938 • Czech Refusal – Threat of War • Munich Conference • September, 1938 • France, Great Britain, Germany • Appeasement: Sudetenland give to Germany • Chamberlain and Churchill

  2. German Expansion 1936-38

  3. Nazi Aggression Continues • Czechoslovakia - 1939 • Demand for Danzig • Germany City prior to WWI • European Response • Great Britain & France • Pledge to defend Poland • Nonaggression Pact • Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact • Germany and Soviet Union • August, 1939 • Secret Agreement - Poland

  4. Word War II: 1939 • Invasion of Poland • September 1, 1939 • German Pre-text • Blitzkrieg • “Lightening War” • War Declared • Allies: Great Britain & France • September 3, 1939

  5. Blitzkrieg in Poland • Results • Polish Defenses Overwhelmed • Danzig falls on Sept. 7 • Warsaw Capitulates Sept. 28 • Opposition Ends on Oct. 6 • 65,000 Polish Troops Killed • 100,000s Wounded/Captured • Phony War

  6. German Conquests Grow • British & French Mobilize • German Conquests • Denmark – April 1940 • Norway – April 1940 • Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands – May 1940 • Churchill • Prime Minister • May 10, 1940 • France Threatened

  7. France & the Maginot Line • French Defense • Maginot Line • Static Defense • Hinges on Luxembourg & Belgium • Fort Eban Emael – Belgium • French Invasion • May 10 – May 22, 1940 • Advance through Ardennes • Bypass Maginot Line • British Expeditionary Force

  8. Maginot Line

  9. Rescue at Dunkirk • May 26 - June 3, 1940 • British and French Forces • Halt of German Panzers • Role of Luftwaffe • Operation Dynamo • Rescue of Allied Forces • 200,000 British troops • 140,000 French troops • Great Britain • Last European Democracy

  10. Dunkirk "We must be very careful not to assign to this deliverance the attributes of a victory. Wars are not won by evacuations.“ Winston Churchill

  11. France Defeated

  12. Occupied France • Occupied France • Vichy France • Marshall Petain • Collaboration • French Navy • French Resistance • Free French • Eventually 400,000 • General De Gaulle

  13. De Gaulle and Petain

  14. The German Reich: 1940

  15. The Battle of Britain • July 10 – Oct. 31, 1940 • Prelude to Russia • Operation Sea Lion • Planned Invasion of Great Britain • Sea-based Invasion • Control of English Channel • Airpower • Luftwaffe & RAF • Air Supremacy

  16. Battle of Britain • Battle for Air Supremacy • Over Great Britain • Over English Channel • Luftwaffe • Herman Goering • Air Attacks & Bombing • The “Blitz” – Cities • Great Britain • Role of RADAR • Role of RAF • Retaining Pilots

  17. Battle of Britain “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.” Winston Churchill

  18. The “Blitz” 60,000 Killed 87,000 Injured 2 Million Homes Destroyed

  19. America’s Response • Disarmament after WWI • 1939 – 18th in Military Power • Depression • Avoidance of European Conflicts • Opposition to Germany • Fascism • Anti-Semitism • German Aggression • Awe at Germany • Charles Lindbergh • Joseph Kennedy

  20. “The Arsenal of Democracy” • Roosevelt Administration • “Cash and Carry” 1939 • 50 Destroyers • 99-Year Naval Leases • Election of 1940 • Roosevelt vs. Willkie • Isolationist Campaign • Lend-Lease Act - 1941 • 7 Billion in Weapons & Supplies • Extension to Soviet Union • Barbarossa: Sept. 22, 1941

  21. Battle of the Atlantic • German Strategy • Cut off British Supplies • Attack All Shipping • “Wolfpacks” • Initial Success • 200 Ships Sunk – June 1940 • Allied Strategies • Convoy System • “Escorts” • Intelligence • Ship Production

  22. Battle of the Atlantic • Allied Cost of Battle • 30,000 Merchant Seamen • 2,200 Merchant Ships • 100 Allied Naval Vessels • Over 600 Allied Aircraft • 3 Million Tons of Shipping • German Cost of Battle • 510 U-Boats (2/3rds) • 18,000 U-Boat Men

  23. U-505

  24. The Atlantic Charter • August 1941 • American Neutrality • Newfoundland • Churchill • Roosevelt • War Aims • Self-Determination • Peace • Europe First Strategy

  25. Japanese in the Pacific • Japanese Expansion • Natural Resources • China and Manchuria • Nationalism • “Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere” • Tripartite Pact • September 26, 1940 • Germany, Japan, Italy • Axis Nations • Role of Military • Role or Emperor

  26. America and Japan • Japanese Seizure of French Indochina • American Response • Free Japanese Assets • Block Sale of Oil and Iron • Demand Evacuation of China and Indochina • Japanese Response • U.S. as Threat in Pacific • Diplomacy • Eliminate U.S. Pacific Fleet

  27. Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 1941 • Failed Negotiations • No Declaration of War • Admiral Yamamoto’s Plan • Surprise Attack • Shallow Running Torpedoes • Midget Submarines • Destroy Pacific Fleet • Give Japan Time • Break American Will • Attack on the Philippines

  28. Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 1941

  29. Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 1941

  30. Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 1941

  31. Pearl Harbor: Results • U.S. Losses • 18 Ships Sunk or Damaged • 170 Aircraft Destroyed • 3,700 Casualties • U.S. Reaction • Panic on East Coast • Anger • Declaration of War • December 8, 1941 • “Will live in infamy”

  32. Japanese Expansion • December 8, 1941 • Philippines Attacked • December 10 • Guam Attacked • December 11 • Wake Island Landing • December 12 • Luzon Landing • December 13 • Hong Kong

  33. Fall of the Philippines • 22,000 American Troops • Lack of Supplies • Fighting • Retreat to Corregidor • Recall of Gen. McArthur • March 1942 • “I shall return” • U.S. Surrender • April 10, 1942 • General Wainwright • 11,000 U.S. Troops

  34. Bataan Death March • Bushido • Geneva Convention • Over 600 Deaths • 70,000 Prisoners • 10,000 Deaths • Camp O’Donnel • Cabanatuan

  35. America’s Response • Striking Back at Japan • American Morale • Logistical Problems • Doolittle's Raiders • 80 Men • 16 B-25 Bombers • Losses • Morale Boost

  36. Doolittle Raid: April, 1942

  37. The Home Front • Mobilization • 1940 Selective Training & Service Act • 1st Peacetime Draft • 21-35 18-45 • 15 Million Americans Serve • Segregation

  38. Wartime Economy • Manufacturing • Arsenal of Democracy • Factory Jobs – Pay • North & Midwest • War Production Board • Office of War Mobilization • Citizens • Scrap Drives • Rationing • Office of War Information • Taxes – Middle & Lower Classes • War Bonds

  39. The War in Europe & Africa

  40. A Desperate Situation • Late 1941 • Battle of the Atlantic • Nazi Advances: • Greece • Yugoslavia • Soviet Union • North Africa • Post Pearl Harbor • Churchill & Roosevelt • Reaffirm Atlantic Charter • Germany 1st • Soviet Union & China • Join Allies in 1942

  41. Soviet Union and China

  42. Taking the War to Germany • 1942 • Battle of the Atlantic • Long-Range Bombing • Night – RAF – Cities • Day – AAF – Factories • Ground Offensive • Soviet Needs • Allied Plans • Where & When? • France • North Africa

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