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VAPING, SMOKING, & PUBLIC HEALTH

VAPING, SMOKING, & PUBLIC HEALTH. PREPARED BY KRISTINE JUNG N402L COOPER. Vision : “Healthy People in Healthy Communities”. WHAT IS PUBLIC HEALTH?. Mission : “Promote physical and mental health and prevent disease, injury, and disability”. RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY. ANATOMY.

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VAPING, SMOKING, & PUBLIC HEALTH

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  1. VAPING, SMOKING, & PUBLIC HEALTH PREPARED BY KRISTINE JUNG N402L COOPER

  2. Vision: “Healthy People in Healthy Communities” WHAT IS PUBLIC HEALTH? Mission: “Promote physical and mental health and prevent disease,injury, and disability”

  3. RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY

  4. ANATOMY

  5. RESPIRATORY FUNCTION • Main function of GAS EXCHANGE • Diffusion of O2 in, CO2 out • VENTILATION – movement of air • Compliance • Elasticity • Surface tension • PERFUSION – movement of blood

  6. CONDUCTING & RESPIRATORY AIRWAYS • Conducting airway • Filters, warms, humidifies air • Respiratory airway • Site of gas exchange

  7. CONDUCTING AIRWAY • Walls lined with ciliated cells and glands • Mucus & enzymes produced →traps foreign particles • Cilia: propels mucus upwards • Smoking damages cilia

  8. RESPIRATORY AIRWAY • Alveoli – site of gas exchange • Type 1 pneumocytes • Thin, 95% of surface area • Type 2 pneumocytes • Produce SURFACTANT → decrease surface tension

  9. RESPIRATORY FUNCTION • Control: pons & medulla • chemoreceptors • Air flows from atmosphere to lungs because of a pressure gradient • Inspiration • lung expands → decreased P • Expiration • lung contracts → increased P

  10. DISORDERS OF RESPIRATORY FUNCTION PNEUMONIA ASTHMA COPD LUNG CANCER

  11. INFLAMMATION • Body’s response to tissue injury • Endothelial cells, platelets, leukocytes, inflammatory mediators • Vasodilation →increased permeability • Movement of fluid and leukocytes from vasculature into extravascular tissues

  12. PNEUMONIA • PNA: Inflammation of parenchymal structures of lung • SOB, cough, fever • Aspiration PNA: food, liquid, or secretions enter the airway • R. lobe more susceptible • Natural defenses • Cough/gag reflex • Immune system along respiratory tract • Glottic closure

  13. ASTHMA • Inflammatory disease of airways • Airway obstruction & bronchial hyper-responsiveness • Exposure to inciting factor: • → bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability, mucus production, airway edema

  14. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE COPD • 85 to 95% have history of smoking • Inflammation and fibrosis of bronchial wall • Hypertrophied mucous glands → excess mucus • Loss of alveolar tissue → V/Q mismatch • Insidious onset Emphysema • Loss of elasticity, hyperinflation, enlarged air spaces, air trapping • Barrel chest • Smoking → inflammatory cells → protease Chronic Bronchitis • Chronic productive cough • Hypersecretion of mucus • Obstruction of small airways

  15. LUNG CANCER • Leading cause of cancer death • SCLC – strongest association with cigarette smoking • Carcinogens in tobacco smoke and other irritants trigger genetic changes that convert normal cells to cancer cells • Poor prognosis

  16. LUNG CANCER Cancer cells • Poorly differentiated • Rapid growth • Can create its own growth factors • Angiogenesis • Lack contact inhibition • Paraneoplastic syndromes

  17. VAPING & SMOKING – WHAT HAVE YOU HEARD?

  18. WHAT ARE E-CIGARETTES ? • Device that heats liquid/wax to produce an aerosol that the user inhales • It is NOT harmless water vapor • Recent outbreak of lung injury E-cigarette or Vaping product use Associated Lung Injury - EVALI

  19. THE E-CIGARETTE EPIDEMIC • 3.6 million U.S. youth • 80% of 15-24 y/o unaware of health implications • 1,604 reported EVALI cases & 34 deaths • Updated 10/22/19

  20. E-CIGARETTES & YOUTH

  21. NICOTINE • Highly addictive • Harmful to adolescent brain development • Harmful to attention, learning, mood, impulse control • Cardiovascular effects: increase BP, HR, atherosclerosis • Nicotine content: 1 JUUL pod = 20 cigarettes • CDC: 99% of e-cigarettes contained nicotine • Found even in those that advertised as containing 0%

  22. ETIOLOGY OF EVALI Respiratory failure • Shortness of breath • Cough, hemoptysis • Chest pain • Nausea • Vomiting • Fever, chills Pathogenesis of EVALI is not known • Many cases linked with THC • Vitamin E oil • Illicit (off-the-street) or informal (friends, family) sources

  23. RESPIRATORY FAILURE • CXR: pulmonary infiltrates, “cloudy lung” • Diffuse alveolar damage • Mechanical ventilation

  24. SAFER THAN CIGARETTES ? Safer ≠ Safe ! • E-cigarettes have lower amounts of harmful chemicals than in cigarettes • Increasing use with non-smokers Cigarettes • 7,000+ chemicals • 70+ known carcinogens • Harmful to every body system • Leads to death in 50% of smokers

  25. SAFER THAN CIGARETTES ?

  26. WHAT WE CAN DO CDC Recommendations Public Health • Do not use e-cigarette, or vaping, products that contain THC • Do not buy any type of e-cigarette, or vaping products, particularly those containing THC, off the street • Do not modify or add any substances to e-cigarette, or vaping, products • Consider FDA approved nicotine replacement therapies • Youth is at risk • Advertising, flavoring, curiosity, peer pressure • Spread awareness • Health teaching is key! • Get involved and spread the word!

  27. Thank you! KRISTINEJUNG@GMAIL.COM

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