Title: Gender in the 2015 agreement

1. ecbi Title: Gender in the 2015 agreement Sub-title: Analysis of gender considerations in the ADP co-chairs’ tool ? Author: Sandra Freitas Affiliations : C.A. / Women’s Environment and Development Organisation (WEDO) / TOGO european capacity building initiative initiative européenne de renforcement des capacités for sustained capacity building in support of international climate change negotiations pour un renforcement durable des capacités en appui aux négociations internationales sur les changements climatiques

2. Content • Context of gender in the climate change negotiations • Considerations of the GNT and the co-chairs July 24 tool • Approaches and strategies for anchoring gender in the Paris Agreement

3. Context • Several years of efforts since Bali led to a large recognition of the importance of gender considerations in climate change international debates - Why does it matter? • The 2015 legal agreement to build on the progress achieved under the Convention (incorporation of gender equality into key decisions in the Cancun Agreement, the Durban Outcomes, Doha Gateway and the Warsaw Outcomes). • The new agreement should support previous UNFCCC decisions which highlight “that gender equality and the effective participation of women and indigenous peoples are important for effective action on all aspects of climate change”. • Need to build on these decisions to ensure ongoing progress is maintained.

4. Importanceof a gender approach to climate change • Gender decisions in the UNFCCC are coherent with several : • Normative frameworks on gender equality and women’s human rights that Governments have already agreed to (CEDAW, Hyogo Framework for Action, Rio+20, Agenda21, Beijing Platform for Action) • Multilateral Environment Agreements that have incorporated the gender dimension to environmental issues (Convention of Biological Diversity, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification).

5. Why does it matter? • Current practice and research has shown that gender-sensitive approaches to climate action are crucial to ensuring effectiveness of emission reduction initiatives that is needed to achieve the Convention’s goals. • A gender sensitive approach will align climate change solutions with the sustainable development agenda taking into account the needs, preferences and contributions of women and men. • True ambitious climate solutions should promote social equality, environmental integrity and secure the livelihoods of women and men, if they are to be successful.   • Climate policies which fail to recognize and respond to the social and gender dimensions of people’s lives and livelihoods have been shown to fail and further exacerbate inequalities. • Viewing climate policy through a gender lens leads properly addressing the social dimension and human rights approach to climate change. • Parties should promote decisions that would catalyze actions that identify issues that are crucial to the success of the climate change solutions, such as, access to and control of resources and sustainable development benefits, in particular poverty eradication, health and governance.

6. Gender references in the GNT • In the GNT, proposals on gender provisions have been included in six sections: • Preamble, • Section C. GENERAL/OBJECTIVE, • Section E. ADAPTATION, • Section F. FINANCE, • Section G. TECHNOLOGY • Section H. CAPACITY BUILDING

7. Gender in the July 24 co-chairs tool • Part I include provisions in three sections: • E. ADAPTATION (para 9, option 4), • F. FINANCE (para 13.2) and • H. CAPACITY BUILDING (para 23). • Part II include provisions on Section E : Adaptation • NATIONAL ADAPTATION PLANNING PROCESSES ( para 13.b) • GUIDANCE FOR COUNTRY DRIVEN PROCESSES AND PROPOSALS (14. m). • Part III includes GNT provisions on gender in • PREAMBLE, • SECTION C and • TECHNOLOGY

8. PART ONE: DRAFT AGREEMENT [E. Adaptation and loss and damage] • 9. INDIVIDUAL EFFORTSOption 4: All Parties shall in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention: {para 2 chapeau of opt 2 SCT} • a. Prepare and implement their adaptation obligations by taking into account climate change considerations in their national development planning and national adaptation plans (NAPs). Such climate change considerations shall be country-driven, gender-sensitive, participatory and fully transparent, take into account vulnerable groups and ecosystems, be based on science and traditional and indigenous knowledge, and promote the engagement of sub national and local authorities and other stakeholders; {para 2 opt 2 a. – b. SCT}

9. PART ONE: DRAFT AGREEMENT [F. Finance] • 13 GUIDING PRINCIPLES • 13.2. [Developed country Parties [and other Parties included in Annex II to the Convention] [shall][should][other] provide financial resources [to developing country Parties] for the [full and] enhanced implementation of the Convention under this agreement [in order to][in a manner that]][Parties should ensure that climate finance and investment provided and mobilized under this agreement][Such climate financing shall be in a manner that facilitates the provision of assistance to developing country Parties for implementing their climate actions under the Convention and this agreement and shall]: {para 81 chapeau of opt 1 81.2, chapeau of opt 2 81.2, chapeau of opt 3, and para 80 Opt II SCT} • c. [Be][Pursue a] gender-sensitive and [based on a] country [-owned and] -driven approach [and ensure the right to development of developing countries]; {para 81 opt 1 81.2 e., opt 2 81.1 l. and opt 3 I. SCT}

10. PART ONE: DRAFT AGREEMENT [H. Capacity-building] [Option 1: • 23. FEATURES [Capacity-building [shall][should][other] be a formal, structured, clear, predictable, effective, coordinated, continuous, progressive and iterative process that is participatory, country-driven, sustainable and gender-responsive with a long-term vision for sustainable development. Capacity-building [shall] [should][other] respond to national needs and foster country ownership [including at the national, sub national and local levels].] {para 135 c., d., f. and I. SCT}

11. PART TWO: DRAFT DECISION 1/CP.21 • [E. Adaptation and loss and damage] • 13. NATIONAL ADAPTATION PLANNING PROCESSES [Decides that: • b. All Parties shall involve, and facilitate the participation of, relevant stakeholders in adaptation planning, decision-making and monitoring and evaluation processes, in particular women and indigenous peoples; {para 5 opt 3 a. SCT}

12. PART TWO: DRAFT DECISION 1/CP.21 • 14. GUIDANCE FOR INDIVIDUAL EFFORTS • m. Be country-driven, , [community-based,] participatory and fully transparent, take into account vulnerable groups ( and children) and preserving ecosystems, be based on [best available] science [and knowledge,] [and][including] traditional and indigenous knowledge, and promote the engagement of sub national and local authorities and other stakeholders;] {para 4 opt 3 SCT} • 16. GUIDANCE FOR COUNTRY-DRIVEN PROCESSES AND PROPOSALS [Decides that country- driven processes and proposals of developing countries49 [shall][should][other] be, inter alia, gender-sensitive, participatory and fully transparent, take into account vulnerable groups and ecosystems, and be based on science and/or traditional and indigenous knowledge [systems];] {para 6 opt 3 SCT}

13. PART THREE: PROVISIONS WHOSE PLACEMENT REQUIRES FURTHER CLARITY AMONG PARTIES IN RELATION TO THE DRAFT AGREEMENT OR DRAFT DECISION [A. Preamble] • Pp30 EQUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY AND RIGHTS [[Stressing][Acknowledging] [that [Parties in] all actions to address climate change [and all the processes established under this agreement] should ensure [a gender-responsive approach][gender equality and intergenerational equity], take into account [environmental integrity][the protection of the integrity of Mother Earth], [and] [full] respect for [all] human rights,][ the right to development and the rights of [youth and] indigenous peoples, [[as well as [ensure][promote][the importance of] a] just transition of the workforce and the creation of decent work in accordance with nationally defined development priorities and strategies]],] {pp33, pp34 and pp36 SCT} • Pp31 POST 2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA [Recognizing that all actions on climate change shall significantly contribute to the post-2015 development agenda of the United Nations with a particular focus on human rights, good governance, gender equality and the needs of particularly vulnerable groups,] {pp35 SCT}

14. PART THREE: PROVISIONS WHOSE PLACEMENT REQUIRES FURTHER CLARITY AMONG PARTIES IN RELATION TO THE DRAFT AGREEMENT OR DRAFT DECISION [C. General/Objective] • 1. GUIDING PRINCIPLES [Actions to implement this Agreement, shall be guided by [Article 3 of the Convention] [and] the following: • 1.8 [All Parties shall ensure:a. Respect for and the protection, promotion and fulfillment of human rights for all;b. Gender equality and the full and equal participation of women in all climate actions and decision- making processes;c. A just transition of the workforce that creates decent work and quality jobs; d. The integrity of Mother Earth;e. The right to development;f. The rights of indigenous peoples.]] {elements of para 15 GNT}

15. PART THREE: PROVISIONS WHOSE PLACEMENT REQUIRES FURTHER CLARITY AMONG PARTIES IN RELATION TO THE DRAFT AGREEMENT OR DRAFT DECISION [G. Technology development and transfer] 72. INDIVIDUAL EFFORTS [Option 1: • 72.2 ADDRESSING BARRIERS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES [Developing country Parties][Parties not included in annex X], with the support of [developed country Parties][Parties included in annex Y][all countries in a position to do so], [shall][should][other] undertake steps to address barriers to [equal access to] [access] technology and to establish and strengthen their national structures, policy frameworks, institutions and capacity in order to enable and accelerate the strengthening of endogenous capacity for the absorption, development and transfer of technologies in developing countries, and endogenous technology development and transfer, attract investments and enhance country ownership and innovation[, building on traditional technologies already used by local communities, including women, and according to their needs and capacities, so as to be able to build and develop their own technological base][including those stemming from traditional knowledge systems of indigenous peoples and local communities]; {para 131.2 SCT} • 72.5 RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION [All Parties] [Global participative collaboration] [enabled] [led] by [Annex II Parties][Parties included in annex Y][developed country Parties][all countries in a position to do so] [shall][should][other] accelerate [global collaboration on] the research, development [and][,] demonstration [and the scaling-up of the implementation] of technologies. {Chapeau of para 131.6 SCT} • d. Technology assessment to ensure civil society participation with a gender perspective, and integrate a multilateral, independent and participatory evaluation of technologies for their social, economic and environmental impacts. {para 131.6 a. – d. SCT}

16. Approaches and recommendations • Placement • Preamble • General section/ Objectives • Principles • Operative sections • Any combinations • Strategies • Gender and Human rights ? • Facing some game play ( Gender in Adaptation and General section C)

17. For further information The Women’s Environment and Development Organization (WEDO) & Global Gender and Climate Alliance (GGCA) working toward a gender-responsive approach to the 2015 agreement, in order to ensure enhanced action towards the ultimate objective of the Convention Further information http://www.wedo.org/ http://www.gender-climate.org/

18. Thanks