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Journal Entry

Make a list of things the state and/or federal government places special taxes on and tell why you feel these taxes are fair or unfair and if they restrict individual freedoms. Journal Entry. The Issues That Led to the War for Independence. Chapter 4, section 2.

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Journal Entry

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  1. Make a list of things the state and/or federal government places special taxes on and tell why you feel these taxes are fair or unfair and if they restrict individual freedoms. Journal Entry

  2. The Issues That Led to the War for Independence Chapter 4, section 2

  3. This lesson focuses on Great Britain’s efforts to tighten its control over the colonies and the colonists response to what they perceived as threats to their liberty.

  4. 1760’s –England began to interfere in economies and politics of colonies • WHY? • felt mercantilism gave them the right • believed colonies should help settle war debts • standard of living better for colonists than those in most of Europe • Colonial resistance was not expected INTRODUCTION

  5. George Grenville-British chief economic minister implemented new economic/political policies • trying to pay F & I war debt • Parliament passes Sugar Act – 1764 • lowered tax on molasses • hopeful colonists would buy more • used taxes to control trade British colonial policy changes

  6. Sugar Act-raised money specifically for British treasury • British very strict to enforce Sugar Act • American trade closely regulated after act passed • no more salutary neglect of colonies • existing colonial traditions and customs ignored • Political and economic Continued………………

  7. Grenville wants to stop trade/gift exchange with Native Americans • Natives respond with series of rebellions • Includes tribes in Great Lakes region • Ottawa, Potawatomi, Huron • Pontiac’s Rebellion most notable • neither side can gain upper hand • 1764 truce between British and Native Americans Native American Rebellion

  8. Parliament passes Proclamation of 1763 in response to conflicts • closed trans-Appalachian region to settlements • no settlers in area, then no need to spend money for protection Proclamation of 1763

  9. colonists upset with interference in long established trade patterns • tobacco and rice planters, northern merchants displeased with Sugar Act • others dislike limit on western expansion • anger exploded with the passage of the Stamp Act in 1765 Colonists Have Had Enough!

  10. Grenville wanted funds for defense and support of colonies-passes Stamp Act • documents-legal & printed material taxed by government • stamped to show fee had been paid • Grenville asked colonies for supportive alternatives • Still protests all over colonies • Colonists boycott British goods • Colonial legislatures angered and call for end to taxation without representation Stamp Act Crisis

  11. Impassioned speech in Virginia House of Burgess (1765) by Patrick Henry calling for American liberty • many colonists agreed with Henry even though they are still loyal to the crown Patrick Henry Patriot

  12. The Stamp Act Congress met in New York • displeased with King George • protests over tax violent • cities including Boston, Massachusetts • mob ransacked Lt. Governor Hutchinson’s home • protests also angered British merchants • loss of business threatened by boycott • Opposition to Stamp Act so severe that Parliament repels the law and Grenville resigns • Act officially repealed in 1766 • Colonists quiet after Stamp Act is repealed Crisis Averted!

  13. 1767 -Parliament at it again • imposed the Townsend Duties on imported goods • protests in colonies had Parliament backing down once again • all taxes on colonists repealed in 1770-except on tea • angered colonists refuse to drink tea • Americans believed British politicians trying to rob them of independence by taxing Now What?

  14. Protest groups began to form • Sons of Liberty • Stamp Act • Daughters of Liberty • property rights Historical Hippies!

  15. tensions between British soldiers and colonists finally exploded • Four colonists killed • including African American CrispusAttucks • Americans took this as a serious threat to lives and property Boston Massacre-March 5, 1770

  16. 1773-British government offered cheaper tea • Americans say no • Many British ships carrying tea to American ports are turned away • Americans go on step farther hold………. The Boston Tea Party

  17. Parliament finally fed up with colonists • pass the Coercive Acts in 1774 • Also called the Intolerable Acts • punished Massachusetts colony by shutting down legislature and town government • most Americans now firmly believed British trying to take away their freedoms 1774-More Taxation

  18. Committees of Correspondence, formed to coordinate protests, elected delegates to the First Continental Congress • September 5, 1774 • Philadelphia, PA • delegates sent from each colony • discussed the Coercive Acts • wanted a peaceful solution, but failed First Continental Congress

  19. After Lexington and Concord: • Delegates write Declaration of the Causes and Necessities of Taking Up Arms • Objectionable policies listed in the Declaration include taxation without representation, extended use of vice admiralty courts, the several Coercive Acts, and the Declaratory Act • Americans did not consider their actions wrong nor radical • simply protecting their lives and homes Second Continental Congress-1775

  20. American resolves, declarations, petitions, essays and pamphlets prior to the Declaration of Independence (July 1776) Following the Stamp Act (1765) Virginia Resolves (May 1765)·Braintree Instructions (September 1765)· Declaration of Rights and Grievances (October 1765)·An Inquiry into the Rights of the British Colonies (1766) Following the Townshend Acts (1767) Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania (1767)·Massachusetts Circular Letter (February 1768)·Boston Pamphlet (1772)·Sheffield Declaration (January 1773)

  21. Following the Coercive Acts (1774) Maryland Chestertown Resolves (May 1774)·Bush River Resolution (March 1775) Massachusetts Suffolk Resolves (September 1774) New York Orangetown Resolutions (July 1774)· A Full Vindication of the Measures of Congress (1774)·The Farmer Refuted (1775)

  22. North Carolina • Mecklenburg Resolves or Declaration (May 1775)·Liberty Point Resolves June 1775)·Tryon Resolves (August 1775)·Halifax Resolves (April 1776) • Virginia • Fairfax Resolves (July 1774)·Fincastle Resolutions (January 1775)·Virginia Declaration of Rights (June 1776) • 1st Continental Congress • Declaration and Resolves (October 1774)·Continental Association (October 1774)·Petition to the King (October 1774) • 2nd Continental Congress • Olive Branch Petition (July 1775)·Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms (July 1775)·Lee Resolution (July 1776)

  23. A Summary View of the Rights of British America (1774) • Novanglus (177 • Common Sense (1776)· • Thoughts on Government (1776) Essays and Pamphlets

  24. End of Section 2Study for Quiz on sections 1 & 2 (Thursday, Sept. 26th)

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