Disaster Management Plan of Industry Department

1. Disaster Management Plan of Industry Department

2. The Government of India enacted Environment Protection Act, in 1986. The process of Environmental Impact Assessment was made mandatory in 1994 under the provisions of the Act. • Analysis and assessment of the site characteristics in terms of its capacity to provide natural resources inside the building such as light, air and water without damaging the natural environment should be carried out during site selection and analysis process. • The site selection should be based upon several feasibility and impact studies related to sustainability such as existing wind pattern, solar access, soil, air, water conditions, noise pollution, and bio diversity.

3. Development of new construction projects should not have a negative impact on the existing bio diversity and ecosystem of the site. • Development of the project on the located site should not disturb sites with heritage and cultural values such as protected monuments. • Constructed projects on selected sites should not disturb aesthetics and scenic beauty of a location.

4. Topsoil removal and preservation shall be mandatory for development projects larger than 1, 00 hectare (Source: National Building Code 2005). • Topsoil shall be stripped to a depth of 200 mm from areas proposed to be occupied by buildings, roads, paved areas and external services. • Top soil shall be stockpiled to a height of 400 mm in pre - designated areas for preservation and shall be reapplied to site during plantation of the proposed vegetation. • Measures should be applied to control erosion of preserved top soil.

5. 12th Plan recommendations for Earthquake management • Upgradation and digitization of topographic maps with contour interval of 0.5 m in collaboration with NRSC. (SOI and NRSC) Sharing of seismic data being collected by IMD with other Departments. ( SOI) • Deployment and augmentation of observing systems such as GPS, bore-hole sensors, multi-parametric observing systems, etc. at identified locations for better understanding of physical processes associated with earthquakes, active fault mapping in addition to the existing conventional weak and strong motion observing systems. (IMD)

6. For Earthquakes • Creation of a modern test and maintenance facility fortesting and upkeep / rectification of existing sophisticated equipments seismological instruments, such as, broadband sensors, SMAs, digitizers, communication systems. (IMD) • Strengthening / augmentation of the existing data centre facility of IMD. (IMD) • Raster scanning and vector digitization of seismic analog charts at seismological observatory, Ridge and carry out raster scanning of remaining significant historical seismograms, their vector digitization and archival in electronic media. (IMD)

7. For Earthquakes • Analysis of seismological and collateral geophysical data in near real time. (IMD) • R&D programmes in collaboration with other leading countries in development of earthquake prediction and forecasting methods. (IMD) • Establishment of additional heavy mass vibration laboratories. (IMD) • Development of GIS based Hazard and vulnerability data base / digitized maps. (IMD, NRSC, SOI and States). • Innovative earthquake resistance construction technologies for new and retrofitting of existing buildings. (IITs, States ).

8. For Earthquakes • In order to identify the major earthquake sources and their activity rates, dense networks of earthquake monitoring stations will be required. • Each such dense network should consist of at least 90 strong motion instruments and 10 broadband instruments. • During the next plan period, it is recommended that a concerted program to evaluate the earthquake disaster scenario for all cities in seismic zones IV and V with population of over 2 lakhs be carried out. • If required, one or more dedicated centres of excellence can be established to develop the methods and carry out the scenario-development, and to carry out further R&D in this field. • All critical or lifeline buildings in Seismic Zone V that are constructed using government funds may be mandated to use the new technologies and thereby ensure a much higher level of earthquake-resistance.

9. For Flood Management • Expansion and Modernisation of Flood Forecasting Network of CWC and States to cover Substantial expansion to cover all flood prone rivers and A, B-2, C- class cities located near rivers and important reservoirs. (CWC and States) • Revisiting Design Procedures for structural measures particularly embankments. ( CWC) • Classification of existing embankments according to vulnerability and their periodical Inspection. (By States) • Preparation of Basin-wise flood management models including ALTM technology based Digital Elevation Models, Inundation Forecast Model and Cubature modelling. (States and NRSC)

10. For Floods • Scientific studies for river and sea-erosion (DST & NRSC) (vi) Preparation of State-wise, Basin-wise Flood Hazard • Zonation Maps (by States and NRSC) • Satellite based reservoir information system having linkages with web sites of States / Project Authorities. (by States and CWC) • Development of Integrated mathematical models for flood / runoff forecasting using weather parameters, rainfall observed and rainfall forecast. (by CWC and IMD) • Development of dam break models and preparation of Basin-wise Emergency Action Plans.(by States and CWC). • Bathymetric surveys • Use of equipment / ADCP-fitted boats in hydrological observations. • Strengthening Satellite based/ radar based observation systems for rivers originating from Nepal and for Brahmaputra.

11. For Floods • Development of Integrated mathematical models for flood / runoff forecasting using weather parameters, rainfall observed and rainfall forecast. (by CWC and IMD) • Development of dam break models and preparation of Basin-wise Emergency Action Plans.(by States and CWC) • Bathymetric surveys • Use of equipment / ADCP-fitted boats in hydrological observations. • Strengthening Satellite based/ radar based observation systems for rivers originating from Nepal and for Brahmaputra.

12. For Floods • The whole country should be covered with adequate Doppler weather radars, the current plan of 55 Doppler weather radars, 950 automatic weather stations and 3350 automatic river gauges, proposed by the end of 12th Five Year Plan is inadequate. This need to be stepped up substantially and supplemented by the efforts of States. • The target should be to install one automatic rain gauge in every 10 square km area in rural India and one every 4 sq.km area in urban India.

13. For Floods • The critical step will be to ensure that all Departments collect data in an inter-operable format and share it between themselves (except Defence and security sensitive data) and make it available in a usable format to NDMA, State Governments, SDMAs, DDMAs etc., for disaster management. • Vulnerability Maps on the scale 1:10000 has to be prepared for the entire country and with a priority to coastal regions and river basins and major towns and cities.

14. Mainstreaming - Housing • Under IAY – • Continue to earmark 5% of the funds for providing houses to families who lose their houses (including IAY houses constructed earlier, but destroyed in a disaster) in a disaster. • Revise the cost norms and provide for additional costs upto 15% to introduce “disaster resistant” and “locally suitable” designs and norms for houses in vulnerable regions and habitations. • Include safety measures such as application of hazard resistant design in construction of • IAY houses, appropriate siting and new designs for earthquake, flood and cyclone prone regions etc in IAY guidelines and ensure its compliance.

15. Ensure that IAY houses are constructed in locations which are less vulnerable to hazards (like high ground in flood prone areas). • Introduce awareness/training programmes for safe construction practices for community/house owners. • Provide for community based infrastructure such as common multi-purpose shelters as part of the housing clusters. • Develop prototypes for IAY houses which can be easily referred to by District Rural Development Agencies (DRDAs) and used for community awareness depending on the geographical location. Build Capacities of Engineers and Rural masons on safe construction. • Build Capacities of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and DRDA officials on Disaster Risk Reduction issues.

16. Housing • Under RAY: • Build community level disaster preparedness capacities under the capacity development component for slum dwellers who often become the most vulnerable community during disasters such as floods, fire and high wind speed. • Carefully assess safety of the land/location for its vulnerability to floods, landslides and its proximity to the highway before selecting it for constructing houses for slum dwellers. • Ensure incorporation of hazard resistant features and safe siting in the Housing • Programmes being implemented in these selected cities.

17. Housing • Under JNNURM: • Include amendment of building-byelaws to ensure structural safety of buildings as a mandatory reform in the mission cities.. • Include disaster resistant features in the houses being constructed under the BSUP • component. • Specify mechanisms for strengthening compliance of development control regimes such as building bye laws in the detailed project report which needs to be considered at appraisal stage in case of infrastructure and housing schemes to ensure structural safety. • Provide adequate infrastructure for disaster management in the cities as a compulsory component.

18. Housing • Provide for flexibility to immediately restore water supply and other essential services and ensure quality of water in the event of a disaster. • Design water supply lines with appropriate safety features in Seismic Zones 4 and 5 • Include strategies for disaster management in the City Development / Master Plans • Emphasize disaster risk audit at the stage of preparation of detailed project reports. • Include disaster management as a responsibility of the Urban Local Bodies and allocate resources as part of projects and their own budgets. • Introduce Training and Capacity Building Programmes for municipal officers on disaster risk reduction.

19. Infrastructure • National Highways should ensure that the flow of rain water/flood water in the area is not obstructed by construction of highways • The PMGSY should also ensure the same in addition to ensuring that these roads do not cause landslides in areas prone to landslides. • Incorporate (if not done already) timely restoration of roads, damaged or destroyed during disaster in the model concession agreement for PMGSY and National Highways. • Modify the maintenance guidelines to ensure that in case of disasters these roads get provision for restoration to ensure all weather connectivity.

20. Urban Infrastructure • Ensure that the JNNURM projects insist on a component for making lifeline services like water supply, hospitals, schools, etc., to be made disaster resistant. • The design parameters will have to be modified on the basis of the hazard vulnerability analysis of the city/municipal area. • JNNURM should also make provisions for providing retrofitting of lifeline buildings owned by the Government/Municipal Corporation in cities with seismic vulnerability. • JNNURM cities should be mandated to make city disaster management plans and conduct a disaster risk audit every year. • Other cities could be incentivized to do the same.

21. Urban Infrastructure • following interventions are suggested through the national programme: • • Design and construct schools (under SarvaSikshaAbhiyan or any other scheme) keeping in mind the hazard and vulnerability of the region • • Develop a Policy paper for new initiatives on school safety. • • Develop prototypes for structurally safe designs for schools. • • Take up Training of Rural Engineers appointed under SSA Scheme as well as the SSA State • Coordinators. • • Take up training of masons in rural areas. • • Create Technology Demonstration Units.

22. Education • following interventions are suggested to ensure school safety: • Design and construct schools keeping in mind the hazard and vulnerability of the region; • Develop a Policy paper for new initiatives on school safety. • Develop prototypes for structurally safe designs for schools. • Take up Training of Rural Engineers appointed under SSA Scheme as well as the SSA State Coordinators. • Take up training of masons in rural areas. • Create Technology Demonstration Units.

23. Education • Introduce school safety as a part of the guidelines of SSA which is focussed on inclusive development. • Introduce School Safety in the Teacher’s Training Curriculum. • Introduce Disaster awareness as an element of education imparted in all schools. The SIET and DIETS should ensure that these are imparted appropriately in all schools through innovative methods. • The teachers and students in these schools could be used to enhance community awareness.

24. Rural Development • Rural developmeent schemes can turn village into disaster resilient places if following points are kept in mind: • Take into account the hazard profile and offer continuous employment opportunities in the event of disasters to ensure livelihood security in the event of disasters • Give priority to works which reduce disaster risks such as local mitigation works etc • Create Water conservation and water harvesting systems • Undertake Drought proofing, including afforestation and tree plantation • Undertake Flood-control and protection works, including drainage in waterlogged areas Ensure rural connectivity to provide all–weather access. The construction of roads may include culverts where necessary. Priority should be given to roads that give access to SC/ST habitations.

25. Rural Development • Undertake Disaster proofing of village assets like Schools, Panchayat buildings, Primary health centres, etc. within the overall MGNREGS guidelines regarding the share of labour and material component. • Construct emergency shelters and high lands in flood/cyclone prone areas. • Undertake Drainage improvement work in villages to prevent flooding. • Introduce disaster resilient designs and construction techniques under the training component for engineers under MGNREGS programme.

26. Health • Following interventions are suggested under the NRHM: • Ensure that the Village and District health plans explicitly address disaster risk reduction concerns and the disaster management plans connect to the District and village Health plans. • Provide training to the Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers on disaster health preparedness and response. • Strengthen Disease Health Surveillance System in rural areas. • Ensure structural safety of the Community and Primary health centres (CHCs & PHCs) and other health care service delivery centres in rural areas.

27. Health • Train doctors and hospital staff on mass casualty management and emergency medicine. Create Community awareness on disaster management • Provide for Mobile Medical Units (MMUs) at CHC level. • Provide First Aid and Disaster Management (DM) training for health workers, including (ASHA), Anganwadi Workers (AWW), Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM), Red Cross Volunteers and (PRI) members. • Form Community Emergency Response Teams at community level and sensitize them about health related treatments, first aid etc. • Ensure adequate stocks of essential medicines in all health centres well before the disaster seasons, especially in the context of floods, landslides, snow slides, cyclones and droughts since these seasons are reasonably well known. • Provide for a portion of the budget to kept as reserve for emergencies.

28. Health • Ministry of Health should also have a separate scheme for retrofitting of major Government hospitals in Seismic Zones 4 and 5. • facilities for treating patients who could be affected by chemical disaster should also be provided in all hospitals which are near clusters of chemical factories. • The number of doctors trained in CBRN emergencies across the country need to be increased and specific training programmes designed and implemented for such hospitals and doctors.

29. Health and Climate Change • The WHO warns that the risk of death and disease from climate change will double in the next 20 years. • Thus global warming is no longer an environmental problem, but has become threat to public health. Diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue and cholera are all sensitive to climate change. • ICMR has identified four areas of risks arising from climate change, such as (a) Climate Change and Vector Borne diseases, (b) Aerosols and Respiratory Diseases, (c) UV-A and UV-B and Corneal Damage and Cataract and (d) Environment and Heart Diseases.

30. National Missions for addressing Climate Change • The National Solar Mission aims at increasing the share of solar energy in the total energy mix through development of new solar technologies, while attempting to expand the scope of other renewable and non fossil options such as nuclear energy, wind energy and biomass. • The National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency comprises of four initiatives, namely, a market based mechanism for trading in certified energy savings in energy-intensive large industries and facilities, accelerating the shift to energy efficient appliances in designated sectors, demand side management programmes in all sectors by capturing future energy savings, and developing fiscal instruments to promote energy efficiency. • The National Mission on Sustainable Habitat attempts to promote energy efficiency in buildings, management of solid waste and modal shift to public transport including transport options based on bio-diesel and hydrogen. • The National Water Mission has, as its objective, the conservation of water, minimizing wastage and ensuring more equitable distribution both across and within states.

31. The National Mission for sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem is aimed at evolving management measures for sustaining and safeguarding the Himalayan glacier and mountain eco-system. • The National Mission for a Green India focusses on enhancing eco-system services and carbon sinks through afforestation on degraded forest land in line with the national policy of expanding the forest and tree cover to 33% of the total land area of the country. • The National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture would develop strategies to make Indian agriculture more resilient to climate change through development of new varieties of thermal resistant crops, new credit and insurance mechanisms and improving productivity of rainfed agriculture. • The National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change is intended to identify the challenges of, and the responses to, climate change through research and technology development and ensure funding of high quality and focused research into various aspects of climate change.

32. Drinking Water • The following terminologies and definitions are suggested in the changed context of rural water and sanitation in the country • Access: Access to drinking water supply is defined as those households that are having access to piped water supply or improved spot sources within 100 metres radius and within 10 metres elevation in hilly areas from the dwelling unit. • Quantity: In the changed context of providing importance to piped water systems in rural areas quantity is defined as minimum of 55 litres per capita per day in non desert areas and 85 lpcd in desert areas.

33. Drinking Water • Quality: Quality of water is defined in terms of BIS: 10500 permissible limits. • Time for collecting water: Time spent for collecting domestic water should be less than 30 minutes per day per household. • Regularity of supply: At least twice a day. • Number of hours of supply per day: Two hours per day minimum. • Frequency of supply: One hour’s continuous supply – twice a day. • Reliability of supply: Supply from any improved source throughout the day.

34. Drinking Water • The Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation has developed an Integrated Information Management System (IMIS) for monitoring the various programmes and schemes for rural drinking water supply. The IMIS is a comprehensive web based information system that enables the Centre, States, districts, blocks and panchayats to monitor the progress of coverage of rural habitations, schools and anganwadis, through common monitoring formats. • How is it used in the state? • Preparation of Hydro-geo-morphological (HGM) or ground water prospect Maps – Is it completed in the state? • Efforts should be made to put HGM maps in the departmental website as pdf files for easy accessibility by engineers at field level.

35. Drinking Water • Right to life is not possible without provision of right to drinking and domestic water. India being a signatory to global agreements should progressively work towards the Right to Water and Sanitation. • By 2017, it is targeted that at least 55% of rural population in the country will have access to 55 lpcd in stead of 40 lpcdwithin their household premises or at a horizontal or vertical distance of not more than 100 meters from their household without barriers of social or financial discrimination. • By 2017 it is targeted that at least 35% of rural population have individual household connections. • There should be shift in focus from construction of water supply systems to service delivery. • IMIS should be revamped to capture service delivery aspects like quantity of water supplied, frequency, regularity, quality etc.

36. Participation of the beneficiaries in water supply schemes should be ensured right from the conceptualization stage and the planning stage spanning over construction and post scheme completion management stages, including O&M. • Waste water management should be incorporated in all DPRs through low cost measures like stabilisation ponds and other options by convergence with MNREGS, TSC, etc. • Communities should be enabled to plan and implement schemes to have piped water supply with metered household connections and volumetric tariffs with appropriate cross subsidy for SC/ST and BPL households. • The GP/VWSC can (i) provide public taps/ handpumps, (ii) provide water quality tests, and (iii) provide the services of a qualified mechanic for preventative maintenance.

37. All community toilets built with public funds and maintained for public use should be provided with running water supply under NRDWP. • Waste water treatment and recycling should be an integral part of every water supply plan or project. • Management of liquid and solid waste should be promoted together with recycling and reuse of grey water for agriculture and groundwater recharge and pollution control. • Strategies should include a water budget with community monitoring of water tables to balance demand (especially irrigation and industrial demand) with available water as well as local measures for rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge. • Action should be initiated to establish farmer managed Ground Water associations in over-exploited blocks compulsorily.

38. The DWSM should prepare a District Water Vision based on the availability of overall water resources and water requirements for irrigation, rural and urban drinking water, and industry. • It should systematise the monitoring and recording of groundwater levels and rainfall at sub-block or GP level. • It should draw up plans for water harvesting and groundwater recharge structures to benefit drinking water sources on a watershed basis using Ground Water Prospects maps, GIS and Watershed Development Department technical inputs. • The first step to reduce the disease burden is to make rural people aware of what are drinking water quality standards, how to test them and what parameters could impact their health.

39. Following measures need to betaken to check arsenic problem: • Short term measures : Hand pump fitted tube wells at deeper aquifers Ring wells. • Medium-term measures : Arsenic treatment unit with existing hand pump fitted tube wells; Arsenic removal plants for existing ground water based piped water supply schemes; Large diameter deeper aquifer tube wells for existing/new piped water supply schemes; New ground water based piped water supply schemes. • Long-term measures: Treated Surface water based water supply Several Arsenic removal technologies are available and have been tested. But most of them have proved to be unsustainable due to poor O&M vizskilled manpower, chemicals, spare parts etc.

40. Some of the measures to check flouride contamination are: • Roof water harvesting methods; • Household de-flouridation methods; • Water treatment plants with ultra violet (UV) and reverse osmosis (RO) technology with public private participation; • Micro filter technologies promoted by some of the organizations to the government and other agencies.

41. Drinking Water • The approaches that could be followed for provision of safe water in excess Iron contaminated areas include: • Tapping of alternate safe surface water,; • Oxidation; • Terra-cotta filters,; • Roof top rainwater harvesting; • In-situ dilution through artificial ground-water recharge. • Installing iron removal plants. • The best option for tackling iron is oxidation (aeration) or terracotta filters.

42. For providing potable water in nitrate contaminated areas, options include tapping alternate safe surface water, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, roof-top rainwater harvesting and in-situ dilution through artificial ground-water recharge. • The best option to reduce nitrate contamination in drinking water sources is to minimize/ eliminate domestic sewage pollution and/or reduce excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides. • In order to address water quality problems, the VWSC must prepare and implement a Water Safety Plan.

43. In badly affectedhabitations a minimum of 10 lpcd of safe water may be provided which would be sufficient for drinking and cooking purposes and the remaining may be provided from untreated/ sources for other domestic activities. • Appropriate and effective water quality monitoring mechanism should be evolved and instituted at all levels starting with VWSC, Gram panchayats, Blocks and DWSM and for the states, incorporating Primary health centres, NGO’s, Schools and other organisations to ensure periodic testing and surveillance. • Strengthening of State, District and sub-district laboratories capacity building for technicians should be taken up.

44. Drinking water • Following interventions are suggested: • Continue with the 5% provision for emergency support measures for creation of additional/alternate sources of drinking water. • Insist on the tube-wells being constructed on higher level platforms in flood prone and low lying areas. This may need a marginal increase in cost, but will provide safe drinking water during emergencies. • Provide for a component for emergency repair and restoration of water supply systems in disaster affected areas.

45. Drinking Water • Mandate creation of an emergency fund of Municipal bodies (with or without Government support) to help restoration of water supply urgently in times of disaster. • Provide sufficient facilities for testing of quality of water immediately after the disaster, if necessary in PPP mode. • Train Engineers and Public Health officials in water quality testing and in fixing and operating water purifying systems at short notice. • Maintain reserves of water purifying systems as part of emergency reserves.

46. Drinking Water • IEC efforts should include: • Area specific campaign in arsenic & fluoride affected district; • Inter-Personal Communication (IPC) by engagement of Community Mobilizers (Jaldoot/JalMitra); • National Drinking Water Awareness Fortnight from World Water Day; • On-line provision of repository of IEC software; • Appropriate IEC gadgets; • PPP in Communications with Print/Electronic Media; • Production of Training Materials etc.

47. Sanitation • Following measures are suggested to address the problem: • Banks providing credit to Self Help Groups (SHG) for construction of toilets is an option that should be pursued vigorously. • If planned and coordinated properly with SGSY/NRLM, immense potential of women SHGs, can be utilized in respect of social mobilization exerting pressure on families on “gender issue” of toilets. • Communication holds the key to the success of sanitation efforts in our country, with its myriad socio-cultural and ethno-racial diversities; a comprehensive Communication Strategy needs to be devised.

48. Sanitation • Provisioning of assured and sustainable water supply shall not only facilitate toilet construction and usage but should also go a long way in incentivising and motivating people to adopt good sanitation practices including hand-washing before and after meals , post defecation, as also in maintaining cleanliness and proper hygiene within and outside houses. • A programme that involves behaviour change of such a large number of people must have a dedicated agency at the lowest levels of governance involving public representatives, NGOs, CBOs etc. • A multitasking agency that can play the role as expected under the Guidelines of TSC is therefore required and WASSMO can be restructured accordingly along with a mechanism that would facilitate ease of functioning to it.

49. Sanitation • For effective functioning of Village Water and Sanitation Committees they should mandatorily be made a standing committee of the Gram Panchayats by the States. These may be the implementers of the programme at the Gram Panchayat level. • A comprehensive MIS system incorporating the above monitoring outcomes to strengthen the existing TSC / NGP monitoring system should be integrated into one system, with upgrades to include latest available data from processes, usage, sustainability. • MIS system will evolve composite indicators to assess the overall performance of States and districts and benchmark them against each other. • States may also engage State Level Monitor (SLM) and District Level Monitor (DLM) for randomly cross-checking 25% and 50% of GPs respectively.

50. Sanitation • For disaster prone-areas like flood affected areas, sanitation facilities get flooded creating health risk and hazards. Appropriate technology for Mobile Sanitary Toilets need to be explored. • DISTRICT AND BLOCK RESOURCE-CUM-TRAINING CENTREs set up under BRGF or RGVY need to be fully functional. • Linkage between health, education and sanitation needs to be recognized and integrated with adoption of a holistic approach to improve the quality of life in rural areas. • A phased approach to achievement of goals may be followed through focused implementation. • The first issue to be addressed is the achievement of ODF followed by ODF+ activities such as improved hygiene and management of solid and liquid wastes.