The West Transformed

1. The West Transformed

2. Western Legislation Stages of Development Resources Native Americans The West Transformed

3. What role has the ever expanding western frontier played in the United States? How has it impacted our society, economy, and politics? Bellwork

5. Transcontinental Railroad • Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862, 1864 and 1867. Western Legislation

6. Transcontinental Railroad • Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862, 1864 and 1867. Western Legislation

7. Transcontinental Railroad • Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862, 1864 and 1867. • Homestead Act 1862 Western Legislation

8. Transcontinental Railroad • Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862, 1864 and 1867. • Homestead Act 1862 • Newlands Reclamation Act 1901 • Hoover Dam • Roosevelt Dam • Elephant Butte • Arrowrock Western Legislation

9. Western Legislation Stages of Development Resources Native Americans The West Transformed

10. Stages of Transforming the West • Lawlessness

11. Stages of Transforming the West • Lawlessness • Vigilante Rule

12. Stages of Transforming the West • Lawlessness • Vigilante Rule • Stable Community

13. Lawlessness • Vigilante Rule • Stable Community • Statehood • CO 1876 • ND 1888 • SD 1888 • MT 1888 • WA 1889 • ID 1889 • WY 1889 • UT 1896 • Ok 1907 • NM 1912 • AZ 1912 Stages of Transforming the West

14. Anglo-Americans • Af. Am. • Mexicans • Chinese • N. Euros • Germans • Scandinavians • Irish Who?

15. Western Legislation Stages of Development Resources Native Americans The West Transformed

16. Water Resources

17. People settled near fresh water sources • Newlands Reclamation Act 1901 • Hoover Dam • Roosevelt Dam • Elephant Butte • Arrowrock Water

18. Water Land Resources

19. Land - Grazing • Cowboy Era 1866-1886 • 40,000 Cowboys

20. Land - Grazing • Cowboy Era 1866-1886 • 40,000 Cowboys • Cowtowns – R.R. hubs • Refrigerated Railcars • G.H Hammond 1869 • Fencing Movement • 1873 cheap barbed wire

21. Land - Farming • Homesteaders • 400,000 families • Free 160 acre – 5 yrs • Sod Homes

22. Land - Farming • Homesteaders • 400,000 families • Free 160 acre – 5 yrs • Sod Homes

23. Land - Farming • Homesteaders • 400,000 families • Free 160 acre – 5 yrs • Sod Homes • Mechanized Farming • Bonanza Farms

25. Water Land Minerals Resources

28. Water Land Minerals Transportation Resources

29. Transporation – R.R.

30. How did the Homestead Act, Pacific Railway Act, and Newlands Reclamation Act have a profound effect on the course of western development. What does each of these acts propose? And what do they tell us about the role of the federal government in the development of the West, particularly in regards to railroads, agriculture, and commerce? Check Up!

31. Western Legislation Stages of Development Resources Native Americans The West Transformed

32. “Do to others as ye would that others should do to you." .. . We pray them to remember that, for the sake of principle, their forefathers were compelled to leave, therefore driven from the old world, and that the winds of persecution wafted them over the great waters and landed them on the shores of the new world, when the Indian was the sole lord and proprietor of these extensive domains-Let them remember in what way they were received by the savage of America, when power was in his hand, and his ferocity could not be restrained by any human arm. We urge them to bear in mind, that those who would not ask of them a cup of cold water, and a spot of earth ... are the descendants of these, whose origin, as inhabitants of North America, history and tradition are alike insufficient to reveal. Let them bring to remembrance all these facts, and they cannot, and we are sure, they will not fail to remember, and sympathize with us in these our trials and sufferings.” –Appeal of the Cherokee Nation How would you summarize the relationship between Native Americans and the government of the United States? Bellwork

33. +250,000 N.A. on Great Plains Diet = Buffalo

36. Sand Creek Massacre (1864) • 200 N.A. slaughtered by U.S. militia Indian Wars

37. Sand Creek Massacre (1864) • 200 N.A. slaughtered by U.S. militia • 1867 – Five tribes agreed to moved to reservations in OK and Dakotas Indian Wars

38. Sand Creek Massacre (1864) • 200 N.A. slaughtered by U.S. militia • 1867 – Five tribes agreed to moved to reservations in OK and Dakotas • 1874 – Great Sioux War • Leader Siting Bull • Colonel George A. Custer Indian Wars

39. Sand Creek Massacre (1864) • 200 N.A. slaughtered by U.S. militia • 1867 – Five tribes agreed to moved to reservations in OK and Dakotas • 1874 – Great Sioux War • Leader Siting Bull • Colonel George A. Custer • 1890 – Wounded Knee • 200 N.A. and 25 soldiers killed Indian Wars

40. “I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed….The old men are all dead…..I want to have time to look for my children, and see how many of them I can find….Hear me, my chiefs! I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.” • Chief Joseph, Nez Perce

41. Head of family would receive a grant of 160 acres on Reservation Land would be held in trust by the U.S. Government for 25 years Subject to laws of the state or territory in which they reside. After land grants N.A. become citizens Dawes Severalty Act 1887

43. The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 represented a turning point in American policy towards Native American peoples. How does the Dawes Act reconceptualize the relationship of Native Americans and the United States? Check Up!

44. Prompt: How were the lives of Native Americans impacted by technological developments, government actions and expansion? (Adopted 1999) • Algonquians in the 1600s • Cherokee in the Antebellum period • Plains Indians in the second half of the nineteenth century Check Up!