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Latin America Revolution 1808-1826. South America. By the late 1700’s the revolutionary fever that gripped Western Europe had spread to Latin America. This discontent was rooted in the social, racial, and political system that emerged during the 300 years of Spanish rule.
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By the late 1700’s the revolutionary fever that gripped Western Europe had spread to Latin America. This discontent was rooted in the social, racial, and political system that emerged during the 300 years of Spanish rule. • Peninsulares – were those born of Spanish parents in Spain; therefore, they had the most wealth, education and status. • Creoles – resented their second-class status • Mestizos and mulattoes – were angry at being denied the status, wealth, and power available to whites. • Native Americans suffered economic misery under the Spanish. • Enslaved Africans who worked on plantations longed for freedom. What caused Discontent in Latin America? Discuss with your shoulder partner, why the social pyramid was structured the way it was.
Haiti – in 1791, Toussaint L’Ouverture led slaves in revolt. By 1798, enslaved Haitians had been freed. In 1802, Napoleon sent an army to recapture Haiti, Napoleon’s forces agreed to a truce, or temporary peace, and in 1804, Haitian leaders declared independence. Struggles for Independence
On January 1, 1804, Saint Domingue, present-day Haiti, became the second nation in the Americas to achieve independence from colonial rule. L’Ouverture, can be considered as one of Haiti’s founding fathers. Haiti was able to successfully revolt due to the lack of attention granted by France. Haitian independence
The Revolution Slaves massacre owners and burn the North Plain plantations, 1804 The execution of French soldiers
In your table groups, create a chart comparing the American, French and Haitian Revolutions socially, politically, and economically. What similarities and differences are there? A colony of exploited slaves successfully liberated themselves and permanently transformed the manner in which the island and its society functioned. Socially – the lowest order of society, the slaves, became free and equal to the dominating order of society, the whites. Politically, the slaves formed the second independent state in the Western Hemisphere and the first free black nation globally. Economically, the citizens of Haiti revised the economic system of the conventional plantation and transformed it into a system based on small-scale producers who geared their products internally instead of exporting the goods.
Once Haiti achieved its independence; it provided a safe haven for slaves escaping within its borders. Under the ratified Haitian Constitution, all people who were black that step foot onto Haitian soil was considered Haitian and therefore protected by the constitution. Slaves fled from their countries and retreated to Haiti where they were accepted and allowed to be free citizens of the black nation. Independence
The Haitian Revolution had a rippling effect on other colonies around the world. Its helped spark revolts in the United States, Jamaica, and in South America. It created fears among whites and led to the protection of several slaves who retreated to the safe haven of the island. It created a deeper and lasting impact on the self-image of national identity of free blacks. Conclusion Does this revolution follow the pattern of revolution? Why or why not? Defend your answer.
In South America, Native Americans had rebelled against Spanish rule as early as the 1700’s, with limited results. It was not until the 1800’s that discontent sparked a widespread drive for independence. Struggles With your shoulder partner: Why do you think the Latin American revolutions were not successful until the 1800’s? What conditions might have changed?
Simon Bolivar, called the “The Liberator,” led an uprising that established a republic in Venezuela. • He then captured Bogota, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia • In 1816, Jose de San Martin helped Argentina win freedom form Spain. He then joined forces with Bolivar. • Bolivar tried to unite the liberated lands into a single nation called Gran Columbia. However, bitter rivalries made this impossible; three independent countries came out of these liberated lands; Venezuela, Columbia, and Ecuador. (Panama) “The Liberator”
Leaders of the Latin American revolution Look up one of these leaders and create a notecard on him; write questions and share with your neighbor
The entire Spanish empire was demolished, salvaged only by the retention of Cuba and Puerto Rico. • What had been a flourishing imperialistic venture for the Spanish turned into a fiasco, and ultimately a major defeat on the world scale. • Iberian power was broken but left a legacy of absolutism and aristocracy, leaving the peasant masses powerless. The final stages
The French played a role in Latin American independence. • The Haitian Revolution played a gigantic role in the beginning and continuance of the Revolution led by Simon Bolivar. 1st the Haitians achieved their independence, leading those inclined toward revolution in Latin American to believe it could be done. • The Haitian people also committed a lot of time and energy into assisting the Latin American insurgents. They committed funds, as well as a lot of manpower and leadership to the Latin American cause. Influence
The policies implemented by the US were just as important. • President James Monroe instituted the Monroe doctrine in an effort to help America, but also all members of the Western Hemisphere. • The doctrine plainly stated that the US would recognize all the new states and their independence, but more importantly, that the entire Western Hemisphere was independent and needed no European assistance. Continue Influence
All of the revolutions that we have covered in this unit, all stem from the American Revolution for independence and Enlightenment Philosophies. • The American Revolution set off a domino affect, once one colony gained independence the others fell to the thoughts of independence and freedom from their European rulers. conclusion Quick write: why was the American Revolution so important to the rest of the world? Which revolutions do you think were most successful and why?
