Best Practices for Model Based Design (MBD)

1. Best Practices for Model Based Design (MBD) By Jonathan Friedman, Ph.D. Industry Marketing Manager MathWorks

2. Quick Review … What is Model-Based Design?

3. Traditional Workflow RESEARCH REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATIONS • Requirement Documents • Difficult to analyze • Difficult to manage as they change • Paper Specifications • Easy to misinterpret • Difficult to integrate with design DESIGN • Physical Prototypes • Incomplete and expensive • Prevents rapid iteration • No system-level testing VHDL, Verilog C/C++ Algorithm Design MCAD/ MCAE EDA • Manual Coding • Time consuming • Introduces defects and variance • Difficult to reuse Embedded Software Hardware Embeddable Algorithms Mechanical Components Electrical Components IMPLEMENTATION • Traditional Testing • Design and integration issues found late • Difficult to feed insights back into design process • Traceability INTEGRATION AND TEST

4. Model-Based Design Workflow RESEARCH REQUIREMENTS DESIGN Environment Models Physical Components Algorithms TEST & VERIFICATION IMPLEMENTATION C, C++ VHDL, Verilog Other CAD Tools MCU DSP FPGA ASIC Other hardware INTEGRATION

5. Adoption Process

6. Adoption of Model-Based Design

7. Where did the best practices come from? Why are there 10?

8. Best Practice # 1: Identify the problem you are trying to solve • Have metrics that identify the weak points in your current process • Attack your greatest weaknesses first • Monitor your Return on Investment (ROI) Example 1:Missed release dates Example 2:Excessive software defects Example 3:Prototype hardware availability

9. Lear Delivers Quality Body Control Electronics Faster Using Model-Based Design • Challenge • Design, verify, and implement high-quality automotive body control electronics Solution • Use Model-Based Design to enable early and continuous verification via simulation, SIL, and HIL testing Results • Requirements validated early. Over 95% of issues fixed before implementation, versus 30% previously • Development time cut by 40%. 700,000 lines of code generated and test cases reused throughout the development cycle • Zero warranty issues reported Lear automotive body electronic control unit. “We adopted Model-Based Design not only to deliver better-quality systems faster, but because we believe it is a smart choice. Recently we won a project that several of our competitors declined to bid on because of its tight time constraints. Using Model-Based Design, we met the original delivery date with no problem." Jason BaumanLear Corporation Link to user story

10. Best Practice # 2: Use models for at least two things – “Rule of Two” • Overcome startup costs and resistance to change • ROI increases with multi-use models Example 1: Validate requirements through simulation and add new functionality through rapid prototyping Example 2: System specification and automatic code generation Example 3: Development time reduced and additional design complexity without staff increases

11. Airbus Develops Fuel Management System for the A380 Using Model-Based Design • Challenge • Develop a controller for the Airbus A380 fuel management system • Solution • Use MATLAB, Simulink, and Stateflow for Model-Based Design to model and simulate the control logic, communicate the functional specification, and accelerate the development of simulators • Results • Months of development time eliminated • Models reused throughout development • Additional complexity handled without staff increases Airbus A380, the world’s largest commercial aircraft. “Model-Based Design gave us advanced visibility into the functional design of the system. We also completed requirements validation earlier than was previously possible and simulated multiple simultaneous component failures, so we know what will happen and have confidence that the control logic will manage it.” Christopher SlackAirbus Link to user story

12. Best Practice # 3: Use the models for production code generation • To ensure success you must connect models to real system • Enable a culture of modeling by removing temptation and option to write code • Executable code is what makes machines move and generates profits

13. Toyota Uses MathWorks Tools to Increase Quality, Reduce Costs, and Speed Time to Market of New Vehicles • Challenge Speed up design, increase quality, and reduce R&D costs by finding an alternative to traditional design methods Solution Use MathWorks tools for control design to prototype, model, test, and refine control strategies in an integrated design environment Results • Deliver a better product to market faster — and at a lower cost • Reduce time to embedded code • Forge a pathway to innovation “MATLAB, Simulink, and Stateflow… have become the de facto standard at Toyota for simulation, data processing, and controls design. It would be impossible to list all of the applications for these tools at Toyota.” Akira OhataToyota Link to user story

14. Best Practice # 4: Treat models as the sole source of truth • Remove the temptation to hack code by hand late in a program when under time pressure • Prevent divergence of code and model

15. Eurocopter Uses Model-Based Design to Accelerate Development of DO-178B Certified Systems • Challenge • Speed up DO-178 development cycle while stabilizing system and software definitions by using models for validation and reusing the data for verification Solution • Develop Plan for Software Aspects of Certification (PSAC) consistent with latest recommendations from European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) for DO-178B, taking into account DO-178C concepts for Model-Based Design • Create models in Simulink for software architecture, high-level requirements, and low-level requirements • Generate flight source code using Embedded Coder Results • Early requirements validation and execution of simulation test cases with Simulink • Seamless object code verification by reusing simulation test cases • EASA approval for the software certification with use of code generated by Embedded Coder EC130 Air Conditioning Software developed with Embedded Coder. “Using Simulink for systems and software development has provided efficient means to validate the requirements and design the system and saves time on verification and validation.” Ronald Blanrue Eurocopter Group – Avionic SystemAvionic Certification/EADS Expert

16. Best Practice # 5: Use migration to Model-Based Design as a learning opportunity • Learn what really happens in the current system • Solicit help on process and tools, not on translation • Focus on value-added features first • Conversion is a tremendous learning and quality improvement opportunity • True even in small code footprints and efficient organizations

17. Best Practice # 6: Focus on design, not on coding • Software design is still taking place • Software engineers establish and manage the code generation infrastructure • Model refinement continues after the controls engineers finish their work and before model is ready to generate code, especially in a fixed- point implementation • Legacy code must be integrated and maintained

18. FLIR Accelerates Development of Thermal Imaging FPGA • Challenge Accelerate the implementation of advanced thermal imaging filters and algorithms on FPGAhardware Solution • Use MATLAB to develop, simulate, and evaluate algorithms, and use HDL Coder to implement the best algorithms on FPGAs Results • Time from concept to field-testable prototype reduced by 60% • Enhancements completed in hours, not weeks • Code reuse increased from zero to 30% Raw image (left) and image after applying filter developed with HDLCoder (right). “With MATLAB and HDL Coder we are much more responsive to marketplace needs. We now embrace change, because we can take a new idea to a real-time-capable hardware prototype in just a few weeks. There is more joy in engineering, so we’ve increased job satisfaction as well as customer satisfaction.” Nicholas Hogasten FLIR Systems Link to user story

19. Develop a comprehensive plan – Training Modeling Style Enforcement. Supporting Tools Configuration Management Requirements Management Process Develop new metrics Best Practice # 7: Integrate the development process

20. GM Standardizes on Model-Based Design for Hybrid Powertrain Development • Challenge Develop new hybrid powertrain technology for GM vehicles Solution Standardize on MathWorks tools and Model-Based Design for control systems design and production code generation Results • Aggressive delivery date met • Worldwide collaboration and communication enabled • Designs reused across product lines Badge for GM’s Two-Mode Hybrid powertrain, which is used in vehicles across several product lines. “The Two-Mode Hybrid powertrain took Model-Based Design to a new level within GM. This project provided the confidence and experience we needed to apply MathWorks tools for Model-Based Design on other large-scale global engineering programs." Kent HelfrichGeneral Motors Link to user story

21. Best Practice # 8: Designate a champion who has influence and budgetary control • Assign priority • Assign people • Acquire tools, equipment, and services • Sometimes act as a consensus builder • Sometimes act as a benevolent dictator

22. Lockheed Martin Joint Strike Fighter THREE AIRCRAFT, A SINGLE MODEL, AND 80% COMMON CODE. THAT’S MODEL-BASED DESIGN. To develop the unprecedented three-version F-35, engineers at Lockheed Martin created a common system model to simulate the avionics, propulsion, and other systems and generate final flight code. The result: reusable designs, rapid implementation, and global teamwork. To learn more, visit mathworks.com/mbd Accelerating the pace of engineering and science

23. Best Practice # 9: Have a long-term vision • Good things come to those who have a vision and work hard to achieve it • The full transition from hand-coded, textual languages takes 2-3 years to fully implement in a production organization • Research organizations often have fewer constraints and less legacy code, and can move faster

24. Do it yourself Effort Leverage the supplier’s experience Time Best Practice # 10 : Partner with your tool suppliers Suppliers bring the experience of working with entire industries and can help you avoid common pitfalls, accelerate your ROI breakeven point and quickly achieve productivity and quality goals

25. Mazda Speeds Next-Generation Engine Development of SKYACTIVTECHNOLOGY • Challenge Optimize the efficiency of SKYACTIV engines while meeting strict emissions standards worldwide Solution • Use Simulink and Model-Based Calibration Toolbox to accelerate the generation and development of optimal calibration settings, ECU-embeddable models, and engine models for HILsimulation Results • Engine calibration workload minimized • Model complexity cut in half • Model accuracy improved Mazda’s SKYACTIV-D engine. “Model-Based Calibration Toolbox not only enabled us to identify optimal calibration settings for the SKYACTIV-D engine, it greatly reduced the engineering effort required. The models it generated accelerated control logic development, provided valuable insights, and made it easy to try new ideas.” Shingo HaradaMazda Link to user story

26. Mazda Speeds Next-Generation Engine Development of SKYACTIVTECHNOLOGY • Challenge Optimize the efficiency of SKYACTIV engines while meeting strict emissions standards worldwide Solution • Use Simulink and Model-Based Calibration Toolbox to accelerate the generation and development of optimal calibration settings, ECU-embeddable models, and engine models for HILsimulation Results • Engine calibration workload minimized • Model complexity cut in half • Model accuracy improved Mazda’s SKYACTIV-D engine. “Model-Based Calibration Toolbox not only enabled us to identify optimal calibration settings for the SKYACTIV-D engine, it greatly reduced the engineering effort required. The models it generated accelerated control logic development, provided valuable insights, and made it easy to try new ideas.” Shingo HaradaMazda Link to user story

27. Best Practices for Establishing a Model-Based Design Culture Identify the problem you are trying to solve Use models for at least two things – “Rule of Two” Use models for production code generation Treat models as the sole source of truth Use migration as a learning opportunity Focus on design, not on coding Integrate the development process Designate champions with influence, expertise, and budgetary control Have a long-term vision Partner with your tool suppliers http://www.mathworks.com/tagteam/40538_SAE-2007-01-0777-Best-Practices-for-MBD-Culture.pdf