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NAZI CONSOLIDATION

NAZI CONSOLIDATION. OF POWER. “In the deepest need Hindenburg chose Adolf Hitler for Reich Chancellor. You too should vote for List 1. ” March, 1933. Promise Monopoly to army. Concessions. Elimination of SA. Air of Respectability. Concordat with Church. Enabling Act. Use of Law.

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NAZI CONSOLIDATION

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  1. NAZI CONSOLIDATION OF POWER

  2. “In the deepest need Hindenburg chose Adolf Hitler for Reich Chancellor. You too should vote for List 1.” March, 1933

  3. Promise Monopoly to army Concessions Elimination of SA Air of Respectability Concordat with Church Enabling Act Use of Law Defends Christianity Outlaw Parties Traditions Emergency Decrees Feb 1933 SA March 1933 election Methods of Consolidating Power Terror & Intimidation National Revival SS & Gestapo Arrests Popular Appeal Propaganda March 1933 election Gleichschaltung Ministry of Information and Propaganda Reich Culture Chamber New controlling institutions

  4. Consolidation of Power Legal: - Emergency decree for the Protection of People and State (February 1933) - Enabling Act (March 1933) - Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service (April 1933) - Law Against the Establishment of Parties (July 1933) - assemblies in the Länder abolished and put under control of Nazi governors

  5. - German Labour Front replaces unions - teachers & professors required to join new associations - Law to Ensure the Unity of Party and State (December 1933) • “§1. After the victory of the National Socialist revolution, the National Socialist German Workers’ Party is the bearer of the concept of the German State and is inseparable from the State. • It is a corporation under public law. Its organization will be determined by the Führer.” - offices of President and Chancellor combined after Hindenburg’s death; Hitler becomes the Führer

  6. Consolidation of Power Use of Force: Night of the Long Knives (June 1934) - Himmler & Goering spread rumours of a coup by Ernst Röhm - Röhm killed along with Strasser, former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher, and 85 - 200 others

  7. Use of Propaganda

  8. NAZI SOCIAL POLICIES PROPAGATING THE MESSAGE

  9. Propaganda Arts Youth SPREADING THE MESSAGE Radio Press Parades Rallies Paintings Film Art Architecture Posters Sports groups Education Social policies

  10. Goebbels: Reich Propaganda Minister http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/propaganda_in_nazi_germany.htm

  11. 30 January ‘Day of the seizing of power’ 24 February Anniversary of the founding of the Party March (1st Sun) Day of the Commemoration of Heroes 20 April Hitler’s Birthday 1 May National Day of Labour May (2nd Sun) Mother’s Day 21 June Summer Solstice July (2nd Sun) Day of German Culture Sept. Reich Party Day rally at Nuremberg October Thanks for the Harvest 9 October Remembrance of Munich Putsch December Yuletide FESTIVALS

  12. Goebbels: rallies can transform a person “from a little worm into part of a large dragon” • Used to strengthen support and gain new supporters. • Carefully organized by Albert Speer: Nazi symbols, stirring music, discipline of mass movements. Creates a desire to belong. Followed by a speech by Hitler • Often filmed: most famous are the rallies at Nuremberg filmed by Riefenstahl • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcFuHGHfYwETrimphof Will • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5E36mdHE3w Rise and Fall of Leni Riefenstahl RALLIES

  13. Triumph of the Will • Leni Riefenstahl, who filmed the 1934 Nuremberg party rally. Riefenstahl, born in 1902, began her career as a dancer and actress, and directed her first film in 1931. Here, she discusses the filming with Hitler, SA chief Viktor Lutze (center), and Hitler's adjutant Julius Schaub. IRC. "The film director Leni Riefenstahl.."unitedstreaming: http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/

  14. Volksgemeinschaft (people’s community): working together, protected by the state • DAF: Beauty of Work and Strength through Joy (180,000 went on holiday, increased cultural and sporting events, etc.) • The People’s Car (Volkswagon) • Eintopf: one pot meal one Sunday a month as a sacrifice and donate the money saved to welfare programs SOCIAL POLICIES

  15. THE ROLE OF WOMEN KINDER KIRCHE KUCHE CHILDREN, CHURCH AND KITCHEN

  16. If the man’s world is said to be the state, his struggle, his readiness to devote his powers to the service of the community, then it may perhaps be said that the woman’s world is a smaller world. For her world is her husband, her family, her children and her home. But what would become of the greater world if there was no one to tend and care for the smaller one…Providence has entrusted to the woman the cares of that world which is her very own, and only on the basis of this smaller world can the man’s world be formed and built up. The two worlds are not antagonistic. They complement each other…We do not consider it correct for the woman to interfere in the world of the man. (1934) Hitler’s words…

  17. BUT: THEY NEEDED TO RETURN TO THE WORKFORCE!! • This poster advertises a county rally of the Nazi Party from 1941 (a miniature version of the Nuremberg rally). A woman plows the field while her husband fights on the front. • By 1939 almost 33% of the German workforce was made up of women in order to fulfill the FOUR YEAR PLAN http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/posters2.htm

  18. HITLER YOUTH GROUPS

  19. Creation of Reich Education Ministry 1934 • Similar structure but new syllabus • Focus on history, biology, German and physical education • Post-Secondary: • 1933-138 45% of all university posts changed hands (dismissed the ‘unreliable’) EDUCATION

  20. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES

  21. REICH CHAMBER OF CULTURE (1933): non-aryans were excluded. Art is bound by the “moral, social and national principles of the state” • EXHIBITION OF SHAMEFUL ART: art the Nazis didn’t want to be seen – denounced Weimar culture and art forms such as Expressionism http://www.tate.org.uk/modern/eventseducation/talksdiscussions/nazismdegenerateart3068.htm • Art approved by the Nazis: that which glorified Nazi values http://www.goodart.org/artofnz.htm CULTURE

  22. Read page 105 By what stages and with what effect did Nazi Germany develop its policy of anti-semitism? Anti-Semitism

  23. Use of Repression

  24. Opposition?

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