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Chapter 9 – Endocrine System

Chapter 9 – Endocrine System. A&P – Semester II Ms . Harborth Midway High School. Endocrine System. Ductless glands and hormones Glands release hormones directly INTO bloodstream Types of hormones: Amino acid based, steroids, or prostaglandins. Hormone Action.

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Chapter 9 – Endocrine System

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  1. Chapter 9 – Endocrine System A&P – Semester II Ms. Harborth Midway High School

  2. Endocrine System • Ductless glands and hormones • Glands release hormones directly INTO bloodstream • Types of hormones: • Amino acid based, steroids, or prostaglandins

  3. Hormone Action • The bloodstream transports hormones throughout the body. • Each hormone acts on a certain type of tissue called its target cells/organs

  4. Negative Feedback

  5. Checkpoint • What is a prostaglandin? • What’s the difference between exocrine and endocrine? • Name one way the nervous and endocrine systems are different. • Which type of hormone (amino-acid based, steroid, prostaglandin) can go directly into a target cell?

  6. Endocrine Gland Stimuli

  7. Pituitary • Hangs off of hypothalamus • Hormones: • Growth hormone (GH) • Prolactin (PRL) • Tropic hormones: • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) • Luteinizing hormone (LH)

  8. Gigantism

  9. Pituitary Dwarfism/Acromegaly

  10. Hypothalamus • Controls action of pituitary gland by producing inhibiting or releasing hormones • Secretes two hormones • Oxytocin • Antidiruetic hormone (ADH) • FYI: drinking alcohol reduces this hormone

  11. Thyroid • Base of the throat • Regulates metabolism • Hormones: • Thyroid hormone • (T4 & T3) • Calcitonin

  12. Thyroid Homeostatic Imbalances • Goiters • Iodized salt • Cretinism • Hyper/hypothyroidism • Graves’ disease

  13. Parathyroid Glands • Found on the thyroid gland • Hormone: • Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

  14. Checkpoint • What controls the anterior pituitary? • What does ACTH do? • What does TSH do? • What does ADH do? • What diseases occur because of GH? • What is the main function of the thyroid?

  15. Adrenal Glands • Found on the kidneys • Made of the cortex and medulla • Cortex: • Corticosteroids (mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, sex hormones) • Medulla: • Epinephrine and norepinephrine

  16. Pancreatic Islets • Found throughout the pancreas • Hormones: • Insulin • Beta cells • Glucagon

  17. Diabetes Mellitus • Three signs: • Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia • Type I: • “Juvenile” • Beta cells are destroyed, no insulin produced • Type II: • “Adult onset” • Treated with diet/exercise

  18. Pineal Gland • In 3rd ventricle in brain • Hormone: • Melatonin • FYI: Made from tryptophan

  19. Thymus • Upper thorax • Decreases in size as we age • Hormone: • Thymosin

  20. Ovaries • Almond-sized organs in pelvic cavity of females • Same sex hormones as adrenal cortex, but more of them. • Hormones: • Estrogens • Graafian follicles • Progesterone • Corpus luteum

  21. Testes • Suspended in the scrotum of males • Hormones: • Androgens • Testosterone • Interstitial cells

  22. Placenta • Temporarily found in the uterus of pregnant women • Hormone: • Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

  23. Checkpoint • Name one type of hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex. • What hormones are the “fight or flight” hormones? • Explain the difference between insulin and glucagon. • What temporary organ produces hCG? • obesity video

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