1 / 55

Absolute Monarchs in Europe 1500-1800

Chapter 21. Absolute Monarchs in Europe 1500-1800. Section 1. Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism. Absolutism. A political theory holding that all power should be vested in one ruler or other authority. Philip II. Accomplishments defended Roman Catholicism helped stimulate the arts.

kurt
Download Presentation

Absolute Monarchs in Europe 1500-1800

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 21 Absolute Monarchs in Europe1500-1800

  2. Section 1 Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism

  3. Absolutism • A political theory holding that all power should be vested in one ruler or other authority.

  4. Philip II • Accomplishments • defended Roman Catholicism • helped stimulate the arts

  5. Northern Dutch • Gained their freedom from Spain • United Provinces of the Netherlands • Established a republic

  6. United Provinces of the Netherlands • Differed from neighboring states • elected governors • power depended on landowners and merchants

  7. Absolutism • Monarchs • Believed in Divine Right • God created the monarchy • Monarch acted as God’s representative on Earth • Answers only to God; not subjects

  8. Section2 The Reign of Louis XIV

  9. French Civil Wars • 1562-1598 • Main cause • Religious differences

  10. How did religious and political turmoil in France encourage absolutism? Skepticism?

  11. Henry of Navarre • Protestant prince • Catholic King • First king of the Bourbon dynasty

  12. Edict of Nantes • Issued in hopes of bringing an end to violent religious conflicts in France

  13. Cardinal Richelieu • Minister to Louis XIII • Increased the power of the Bourbon monarchy • Moved against the Huguenots • Weakened the power of the nobles

  14. Louis XIV • Known as the Sun King • France’s most powerful ruler • Boasted, “I am the state”

  15. Cardinal Mazarin • Minister to Louis XIV • Policies drove nobles to rebel against king

  16. Jean Baptiste Colbert • Minister of Finance under Louis XIV • Mercantilism policies • Caused France’s economy to grow and prosper

  17. Versailles • Palace built for Louis XIV • Political purpose • Showed the power of Louis XIV • Was the envy of other monarchs

  18. Spanish Empire • Weakened • Experienced a period of severe inflation and heavy taxes

  19. Section 3 Central European Monarchs Clash

  20. Peace of Augsburg • German rulers agreement to settle religious differences

  21. Thirty Years War • A war in Europe between 1618 and 1648 • Developed into a struggle for dominance between various powers, notably France, Spain, Sweden, and the Holy Roman Empire • Began as a war between the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor and some of his Protestant German states.

  22. Peace of Westphalia • Ended the Thirty Years War

  23. Austria • Maria Theresa • Inherited the Austrian thrown • Only after Charles VI had European power sign an agreement declaring they would recognize the heir

  24. Prussia • Austria’s greatest enemy under Maria Theresa

  25. Fredrick the Great • King of Prussia • Believed a ruler should be a father to his people

  26. Maria Theresa • War of Austrian Succession • fought over the possession of lands that belonged to Maria Theresa

  27. Section 4 Absolute Rulers of Russia

  28. Ivan the Terrible • First Russian ruler to adopt the title of czar

  29. Ivan the Terrible • Why he was called terrible: • Organized a police force that murdered people he considered traitors

  30. Ivan the Terrible • Boyers • Landowning nobles • Suffered the greatest loss of power

  31. Peter the Great

  32. Peter the Great • Serfs • Essential part of the Russian economy

  33. Peter the Great • Liked visiting the west • Wanted to learn about Western customs and technology

  34. Peter the Great • Westernized Russia • Raised the status of women • Made nobles wear western fashion

  35. St. Petersburg • Built by Peter the Great • Why? • Wanted a city on a seaport • Near water routes to Europe • Made it easier to travel west

  36. Section 5 Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

  37. Constitutional Monarchy • 1600s • England’s system of government

  38. James I • King of Scotland • Inherited Elizabeth I’s throne and her conflicts with Parliament

  39. Charles I • King of England • Lost the English Civil War • Tried and put to death

  40. Puritans • Won the English civil war • How? • Cromwell • Defeated the Royalists • Puritans held the king prisoner

  41. Oliver Cromwell • Puritan leader • Ruled England after the end of the English Civil War • Abolished the monarchy • Ruled as a military dictator

  42. Restoration • “Restored” the monarchy, as an institution, to power in England • Began when Charles II took the throne

More Related