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Learn about internal resistance and electromotive force (EMF) of batteries. Explore the concept of terminal voltage and how it changes when current flows through the battery.
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emf The emf of the battery is the open circuit potential across the terminals. There is no current flowing through the battery, so this is the maximum or ideal potential. emf = ε
Terminal Voltage As soon as current flows, the terminal voltage drops.
Example What is the terminal voltage of the battery when the resistor is connected to it?