Chapters 6 & 7

1. Chapters 6 & 7 The Industrial Revolution

2. Where did the Industrial Revolution Begin?

3. What was the Industrial Revolution? • The Industrial Revolution is a turning point in history when men and women learned how to use complex machines to replace simple tools run by human and animal muscle. • Though it is a technological revolution, the Industrial Revolution effected the world politically, economically and socially.

4. Enclosure Movement • The taking over and fencing off of land formerly shared by peasant farmers. • Farm output and profits rose because large fields needed fewer people to work them. • This eliminated jobs because less people were needed to cultivate the land • This caused many farm workers to migrate to the cities.

5. Exit Ticket • Bullet answers to the following questions on a half sheet of paper • What was the enclosure movement? • How did it positively affect farming • How did it negatively affect some farmers? • How did the enclosure movement lead to urbanization?

6. Classwork: 10/13 • Read pages 498-500 in your textbook. • Complete question 1 • These will be handed in and counted as classwork! • You have 10 minutes!

7. Do Now:    10/17 • Think/Pair/Share! • Read the BBC News article on why the Industrial Revolution occurred in Britain first.  • Upon completing the reading, find a partner and outline an explanation of why many historians feel that the revolution occurred in Britain first.  • Be ready to share your explanation with the class!

8. Movement of People Before and After the Industrial Revolution • Prior to the Industrial Revolution, many people worked as farmers, living in the country side. • When technological advancements in agriculture were made, many farmers found themselves out of work. • These displaced farmers quickly moved to cities to find work in factories in attempt to feed their families. • This movement of people from rural areas to cities is known as URBANIZATION

9. What role did the steam engine play in the Industrial Revolution? • Invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1712 • Improved by James Watt in 1769 • Used coal as source of energy • Steam engines would become the vital power source of the Industrial Revolution • Robert Fulton’s Steamboat • George Stephenson’s Locomotive

10. The Population Explosion • The Population of Europe increased from 120 to 190 million between 1700 and 1800.  • Why? • Changes in life caused the death rate to decline. • The agricultural revolution caused the amount of food produced to increase, reducing the risk of famine  • more food = stronger and healthier babies = people live longer • Deadly diseases begin to fade away. • People have better hygiene, improved systems of sanitation and medical care.  

11. Infrastructure • What does infrastructuremean?

12. Describe the 5 factors that contributed to the creation of the Industrial Revolution in Britain 1. Geography • Natural resources – Britain had plenty of coal and iron. • Britain has many natural harbors for trade. • Rivers served as means of transportation and sources of water power.

13. Describe the 5 factors that contributed to the creation of the Industrial Revolution in Britain 2. Human Resources • The agricultural revolution caused a population growth, which resulted in more available workers. • It also increased demand as well. • Urbanization

14. Describe the 5 factors that contributed to the creation of the Industrial Revolution in Britain 3. Economic Conditions • Britain’s colonies made their economy strong. • The middle class had the capital to invest in mines, railroads and factories. • The population boom created a greater demand for goods.

15. Describe the 5 factors that contributed to the creation of the Industrial Revolution in Britain 4. Political and Social Conditions • Britain had a stable government that supported economic growth. • Encouraged Intellectualism and Innovation

16. Describe the 5 factors that contributed to the creation of the Industrial Revolution in Britain 5. Energy and Technology • Britain experienced major changes and break through in the iron industry. • Britain was exposed to a huge COAL SUPPLY!!!! • Water wheels and soon the steam engines would play a major role in industry. (BECAUSE OF COAL)

17. Classwork: 10/19 • Grab an old world History textbook • Read pages 501-504 • Answer questions 1-5 on page 3 in your Study Guide! • This will be graded!

18. Who was Robert Fulton? How did he contribute to the Industrial Revolution? What impact did his invention have on transportation? • Robert Fulton’s Steamboat • Changed water transportation forever.  • Boats could now sail against the current and did not rely on certain wind conditions and weather to have a successful voyage • This allows for faster and more efficient transportation • Ultimately, it boosts the economy and trade 

19. Who George Stephenson? How did he contribute to the Industrial Revolution? What impact did his invention have on transportation? • George Stephenson’s Steam powered locomotive • Changed land transportation forever.  • Railroads linked cities, countries, and cultures throughout Europe and the United States • This allows for faster and more efficient transportation • Ultimately, it boosts the economy and trade 

20. What is a factory? Describe how the first factories evolved into stronger establishments. • Factories: Places that brought together workers and machines to produce large quantities of goods • Mass production—theability to produce a high quantity of goods in a relatively short period of time at a low cost. • Factories were created when machines became too big and expensive to be operated at home • Instead, manufacturers built long sheds near rapidly moving streams (MILLS)

21. How did the Industrial Revolution change the textile industry • Textile Industry = Clothing Industry  • The textile industry is the first to use the inventions of the Industrial Revolution.   • Spinning Jenny  • Flying ShuttleWater Frame • The water wheel was first used to power the machines. • This evolves into the factory system. • Steam Powerbecomes the energy source and textile mills located near water begin to move to cities • Machines become powered by coal • MASS PRODUCTION LEADS TO BETTER ECONOMY!!!

22. From Mill to Factory

23. Verbal Exit Ticket • The Industrial Revolution can best be described as • What Industry did the Industrial Revolution first take hold of • What was the enclosure movement? How did it impact most farmers? • How did the Steamboat and Steam Engine change life and economics?  • What is Mass Production?

24. Do Now • 15 minutes to start homework while I enter DBQ Grades! • You’re welcome!

25. What is urbanization? What were the underlying causes of urbanization during the late 1700’s in Europe? • Urbanization • A movement of people to cities • Underlying Causes of Urbanization • Changes in farming • Soaring populations • Demand for workers in factories

26. How did the factory system change the lives of workers? • Life for workers in cities got ROUGH • Rigid Discipline • Workers faced rigid schedules often 12-16 hour shifts • Accidents due to exhaustion and weariness were common • Coal dust and lint filled air destroyed lungs • If workers were sick or injured, they lost their jobs. • Women • Preferred by employers because they thought that they were easier to manage then men and would accept less pay • Child Labor • Parents needed kids to work to help support the family financially • Orphan employees were common • Children were beat if they were not focused, and became slaves to the machines.

27. What problems did the industrial working class face? • In rural villages, farm families had ties to a community where they had lived for generations • When they moved to industrial cities, they felt bewildered and lost • In addition, they faced long hours, low pay, and significantly dangerous working conditions

28. What were the costs and benefits of the Industrial Revolution in Europe?

29. Factory Conditions

30. Do Now • What was the major change that the textile industry went through during the industrial revolution? • (Hint: It has to do with energy.)

31. Classwork: 10/25 • With a partner, grab a textbook and read pages 510-513 (Chapter 20, Section 4) • As you read complete the questions on page 5 of your yellow Industrial Revolution Study Guide • You have 15 minutes!

32. What is Laissez-Faire Economics and the Free Market Economy? • Laissez-Faire Economics • Economic policy that allows business to operate with little or no government interference. • Supports free-trade • Did not include heavy tariffs.

33. Adam Smith • British Economist • Admired the Physiocrats • Wrote The Wealth of Nations • Strong supporter of Laissez-Faire Economics

34. Adam Smith’s “Free Market” • Free Market • The natural forces of supply and demand • These forces should be allowed to regulate business • The marketplace is better off without government interference • This economic theory would shape the industrial revolution and the western world throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.

35. Utilitarianism • Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill (Early 1800’s) • “The Greatest happiness for the Greatest Number” • Laws and government intervention should bring pleasure, not pain • Government should intervene to improve the difficult lives of the working class • Called for giving the right to vote to working class men and women • Attempted reform from child labor to public health John Stewart Mill

36. Socialism • Focused on the good of society in general as opposed to the individual champions of Laissez-Faire Economics • Was designed to end poverty and close the gap between the rich and the poor • “all work is shared and all property was common” • Public as a whole owns and operates the “means of production” • Farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses

37. Utopian Societies • Thomas More came up with this “ideal community” • In Utopian societies, wealth is shared, and life for everyone is equal • There is absolutely nobody who is rich, and nobody who is poor. • This “ideal society” never proved to be successful. Why?

38. Communism • Karl Marx • German philosopher 1840’s • Writes the Communist Manifesto in 1848 • The paper was about class struggle (The “Haves” vs. the “Have-Nots” • This class struggle was inevitable, and the proletariat (working class) would always prevail. • They would then set up a classless society where everything was shared. They didn’t want to relive the struggles of the past.

39. New Ways of Thinking • A. Laissez-Faire Economics • 1. Adam Smith • Free Market • If the economy was strong it would all work out • 2. Thomas Malthus • Population goes up = food goes down • He suggests to have less children • 3. David Ricardo • Poor people should not have children • Iron law of wages

40. New Ways of Thinking • B. Utilitarianism • Bentham and Mill • The idea that the goal if society should be "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" of citizens. • C. Emergence of Socialism • Socialism – the people as a whole would own and operate the means of production (farms, factories, and railways) • Karl Marx • Communist Manifesto – the history of class struggles between the "haves" and the "have nots" • Communism – form if socialism that sees class struggle between employers and employees as unavoidable

41. Review

42. Pros and Cons?