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Where were the Japanese peasants likely to die in the 17 th -19 th centuries ?

Where were the Japanese peasants likely to die in the 17 th -19 th centuries ?. Hiroshi KAWAGUCHI Faculty of Business Administration, Tezukayama University. Introduction. The total population in Japan was stable during the 18 th century and started to increase after 1840s. Why???

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Where were the Japanese peasants likely to die in the 17 th -19 th centuries ?

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  1. Where were the Japanese peasants likely to die in the 17th-19th centuries ? Hiroshi KAWAGUCHI Faculty of Business Administration, Tezukayama University

  2. Introduction The total population in Japan was stable during the 18th century and started to increase after 1840s. Why??? We construct DANJURO system to collect, store, and analyze historical documents.

  3. Outline • Introduction • Source documents for historical demography • Data analysis system：the DANJURO system • Death places of parishioners • Birthplaces of the dead persons • Real situation of the dead in old diaries • Conclusion

  4. Historical documents (1)The Japanese religious investigation registersPeriod:1680s?-1869?District:village and townContents:name, age, relation with the household head, change in family status, number of cattle or horses, size of the house, roofing material, cultivated acreage, parish temple, religious sect, etc.

  5. Historical documents (2) The Buddhist temple death registersPeriod:1650s?-2010District:parish of the Buddhist temple? Contents:posthumous Buddhist name, date of the death, secular name, address, age at death, cause of the death, death place, birthplace, etc.

  6. Historical documents (3) The household registersPeriod:1870, 1871, 1872?District:village and townContents: name, age, relationship with the household head, change in family status, number of cattle or horses, cultivated acreage, parish temple, religious sect, occupation, etc.

  7. Goal of the DANJURO project 1. To reduce data processing to output demographic statistics and indicators. 2. To ensure the reliability of the data processing. 3. To preserve historical documents in digital form. 4. To share the data and data analysis method with researchers around the world.

  8. Structure of DANJURO system • Data analysis system for the Japanese religious investigation registers • Data analysis system for the Buddhist temple death registers • Data analysis system for the family registers • Technology to recognize handwritten characters in historical documents with neural network • Research funds, publication of research results, and prizes • Links to the related site

  9. Index page of DANJURO

  10. Historical GIS for analyzing migration Recent step 1: Draw a digital map of in and out migration continuously in any time period. Recent step 2: Count the number of migrants in concentric circles with a radius of any distance. Recent step 3: Count the number of migrants in each county or province. Next step 1: Check the effect of administrative boundaries such as counties, provinces, and local load domains on migration of peasants. Next step 2: Check the effect of natural obstacles such as rivers, sea, and mountains on migration.

  11. Historical GIS for analyzing migration

  12. Buddhist temple death registers in Tama County The total number of the Buddhist temples in Tama County in 1969 = 585 11 / 585 ＊100 = 1.9 %

  13. Distribution of the Buddhist Temples in DANJURO

  14. Death places of the parishioners in Tama Countyin the province of Musashi (1610-1910) Out of the home village in Tama County: 73 In Edo City :103 In Musashi Province: 6 Out of Musashi Province: 46 Chinaand Formosa: 9

  15. Sex and age structure of the parishioners who died out of their home villages

  16. Seasonality of the deaths who died out of their home villages

  17. Birthplaces of the dead persons who died in Tama County in the province of Musashi (1610-1910) From out of the village in Tama County: 60 From Edo City :49 From Musashi Province: 19 From out of Musashi Province: 90

  18. Sex and age structure of the deaths who were from out of the parishes and died near the temples

  19. A dead person in a diary written by Mr. F. Sashida • Mr. Sauemon died of cholera in an hot-spring inn in the Village of Sokokura on 6 August, 1862. His dead body was carried to his home village by a palanquin at a distance of 75 kilometers. Then the funeral service for him was held in the village of Nakatoh on 8 August.

  20. Japanese palanquin

  21. Wooden coffin for the poor persons

  22. The dead persons in a diary written by Mr. F. Sashidaand Mr. S. Kouno • A former village head in the village of Nakatoh died of illness in Edo City on 27 September, 1863. He kept a curio shop in Edo. On 29 September, the funeral service for him was held in the village of Nakatoh. • Mr. Matakichi Kuriyama died of illness on 25 July, 1875. He was 63 years old. He was born in the village of Funako, Aikoh County in the province of Sagami. The funeral service for him was held without any relatives in Hino post town, Tama County where he had lived temporarily.

  23. Conclusion • Death places of the parishioners living in Tama County spread all over Japan from the 17th Century. • Birthplace of the deaths who died in Tama County also spread all over Japan From the 17th Century. • Males, females, adults, children, poor peasants and rich farmers died out of their home villages in all seasons. • On general principle, if a parishioner died far from his/her home village, the dead body was carried to the home village and funeral service for him/her was held in the home village. • If the birthplace was too far, if the dead person was too poor, or if the dead has no claimant, some dead were buried in cemeteries in Buddhist temples near the death place. Death places and birthplaces of the dead suggest high mobility of the peasants.

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