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Meaning, Initiatives and Strategies of Universalisation of Elementary Education IN INDIA

Meaning, Initiatives and Strategies of Universalisation of Elementary Education IN INDIA. Dr. Bani Barman Roy ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR HOD of Deptt. Of Education RADHAMADHAB COLLEGE, SILCHAR. Meaning and concept of Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE).

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Meaning, Initiatives and Strategies of Universalisation of Elementary Education IN INDIA

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  1. Meaning, Initiatives and Strategies of Universalisation of Elementary Education IN INDIA Dr. Bani Barman Roy ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR HOD of Deptt. Of Education RADHAMADHAB COLLEGE, SILCHAR

  2. Meaning and concept of Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE) The term universalisation of Primary Education is mainly deduced from the Directive Principles of State Policy as contained in Article 45 (now Art. 21A) of the Indian Constitution. The policy envisages free and compulsory education to all children up to the age of 14 years irrespective of all caste, creed, community and sex. Universalisation of education in India implies “Elementary Education for All” (class I to VIII) and not for a selected few. This concept accepts that education is the birth right of every child. This means that all children belonging to the rich and the poor, living in towns as well as rural areas and in places which are accessible with difficulty have to be provided with facilities for elementary education. UEE also means free education. In some of the advanced countries free education means no fees, free books and stationery, free mid-day meals and free school transport. But in developing countries like India, it has not been possible to provide all these facilities free of cost. Of course, education at this stage is free of tuition fee. Other facilities on a selective basis are also provided. Thus, universalisation of primary education has been accepted as the national goal.

  3. Universalisation of primary or elementary education involve the following three stages or steps:- Universalisation of Provision:- It means that school facilities should be provided to all the children between the age group 6 to 11 years in the country. The schools be easily accessible-within the walking distance of a child. • Universalisation of Enrolment:- It means all children between the age group 6 to 11 years must be enrolled. For this, compulsory legislation must be passed. Under legislation, parents can be fined for not sending their children to schools. However this provision has remained on paper only. • Universalisation of Retention:- It means that once a child joins a primary school, he should remain there till he completes all 8 classes. If the child leaves the school in between, the idea of universalisation stands defeated. The Ninth Plan envisages such universalisation in terms of access, retention and achievement. The combined effort of access, enrolment and retention of children up to the age of 14 years is called universalisation of primary education.

  4. Initiatives in UEE Since the formulation of the NPE(1986) and the POA(1986), several new schemes for the qualitative as well as quantitative improvement of primary education and reaching the goal of UEE, have been initiated by the Govt. of India, MHRD. They are :-

  5. District Primary Education Programme:- DPEP launched in 1993 is a national initiative to achieve UEE through district level intervention. The overall goal of the programme is the reconstruction of primary education system to operationalize the strategy of UEE as envisaged in NPE 1986 (as updated in 1992) and its POA (1992) through decentralized planning and management disaggregated target setting, community mobilization and population specific planning. Its one of the objective is to provide primary education to all children.

  6. Elementary Education as a Fundamental Right The cabinet of Govt. of India, in its meeting held on May16,1997, approved the proposal of making right to free and compulsory education as a fundamental right. This step was taken on the recommendations of the Committee of State Minister of Education. It involves amending the constitution of India. With this amendment, it would be possible to achieve the target of providing UEE.

  7. Lok Jumbish This project was initiated in Rajasthan for universalisation of primary education during 1992-94in the first phase and extended up to 1998 in the second phase. The basic objective of the project is to achieve education for all by the year 2000 through peoples mobilization and their participation. The Lok Jumbish has undertaken environment building activities in 5,683 villages, 383 new schools have been opened while 227 primary schools have been upgraded.

  8. National Elementary Education Mission The objective of NEEM is to mobilize all the resources- human, financial and institutional- necessary for achieving the goal of UEE. It is expected to boost the efforts being made by the Govt. and NGOs to achieve UEE.

  9. Minimum Levels of Learning In accordance with the direction of NPE, the initiative was taken in India in 1991 to lay down MLLs to be achieved at the primary stage. The concept of MLL implies well defined standards of learning by children. All children irrespective of their background are expected to reach a minimum level of learning before they finish primary education.

  10. National Programme of Media Publicity and Advocacy of UEE For building up public opinion and mobilizing social support, a national programme of media publicity and advocacy for UEE is proposed to be launched. The programme has 4 focal points:- • Teachers and all those involved in education of children. • Students and parents, particularly non-literate parents. • Community opinion builders. • Policy makers and public representatives.

  11. Non-Formal Education This envisages a large systematic programme of NFE for those who can not attend the full day school. It aims at providing education comparable in quality with formal schooling. Its focus on educationally backward states with special attention to urban slum areas, hilly tribal and desert areas and education of working children.

  12. National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education A nation-wide programme of NP-NSPE launched on August15, 1995 is intended to give a boost to universalisation of primary education by increasing enrolment, retention and attendance and simultaneously to make an impact on nutritional levels of students in primary classes. The ultimate aim under the programme is the provision of wholesome cooked food having a calorific value equivalent to 100 gms of wheat/rice per student per school day.

  13. KASTURBA GANDHI BALIKA VIDYALAYA(KGBV) • The scheme has been approved by the Government of India to set up to 750 residential schools with boarding facilities at elementary level for girls belonging to SC, ST, OBC and minorities in difficult areas

  14. Operation Blackboard The scheme of operation blackboard was launched in 1987. This is a centrally sponsored scheme for bringing about improvement in primary education by providing additional facilities to the schools already established.

  15. ShikshaKarmi Project It was a scheme jointly sponsored by Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA). Govt. of India and the states of Rajasthan. Aims of the project:- • Universlisation of Education . • Checking Drop-out. • Qualitative improvement of primary education.

  16. SarvaShikshaAbhiyan-SSA (Education for All mission) Today nearly four out of five children in the age group 6-14 years are in the school. Two out of three persons are functionally literate. Progress achieved is by no mans small. But it falls short of meeting the goal of Education For All. The World Declaration ‘On Education for All-EFA’(1990) adopted in Jomiten gave fillip to national commitment for reaching basic education for all children.

  17. Strategies for achieveing UEE • Make each school, primary or middle, fully responsible accountable or formulating and implementing strategies for UEE in villages/habitations/mohallas in the area under its coverage. • Authorize the school HM to recruit para-teachers for reaching out either to unserved habitations or to those children who can not attend the school in the day hours.

  18. Strategies for achieveing UEE • Encourage innovation by teachers themselves in building up diverse models of child- centred approach to education. • In order to increase the relevance of education from the standpoint of working children, especially girls, it would be necessary to emphasize vocationalisation of the entire educational process up to class VIII level.

  19. Strategies for achieveing UEE • The goal of universalisation of education may be viewed in two phases- the first phase of UPE and the second phase of UEE. • Adopt the principle of differentiated or disaggregated targets and pluralistic educational strategies for achieving UEE. • Monitoring of the move towards UEE shall be integral to the planning process and may operate at 3 independent but co-ordinated levels.

  20. THANK YOU

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