Chapters 12 – 13 Notes

1. Chapters 12 – 13 Notes 7th • Andrew Jackson - _____ President (1829 – 1837) The “_________ ____________________”. He rose from a • _______ Southerner to a _______________ businessman, • and then to the ___________________. He used more • presidential power than ever before beginning from day one • when he used the “ ______________________________.” • The spoils system was the method of handing out • government jobs to ________________________. This put • __________________ people in important positions, which • led to ___________________ on a grand scale. • A. Jackson’s “_______________________” – Jackson rewarded

3. Chapters 12 – 13 Notes • Andrew Jackson - _____ President (1829 – 1837) The “_________ ____________________”. He rose from a • _______ Southerner to a _______________ businessman, • and then to the ___________________. He used more • presidential power than ever before beginning from day one • when he used the “ ______________________________.” • The spoils system was the method of handing out • government jobs to ________________________. This put • __________________ people in important positions, which • led to ___________________ on a grand scale. • A. Jackson’s “_______________________” – Jackson rewarded 7th working man's hero poor wealthy presidency spoils system loyal followers unqualified corruptness Kitchen Cabinet

5. ____________ party members with Cabinet jobs, but consulted a group of close ______________ (the “kitchen cabinet”) and use their ideas instead. B. Jackson’s _______________ Policy – He supported westward expansion and didn’t mind ____________ the Indians off their land. The _________________ refused to give up their land in _______________. They were very civilized and even wrote a constitution declaring they were a separate _____________. One of their scholars named ___________________ did tremendous things for his people and never resorted to violence. In the Supreme Court case ____________________________, John Marshall told President __________________ to send troops loyal friends Indian kicking Cherokee Georgia nation Sequoyah

7. ____________ party members with Cabinet jobs, but consulted a group of close ______________ (the “kitchen cabinet”) and use their ideas instead. B. Jackson’s _______________ Policy – He supported westward expansion and didn’t mind ____________ the Indians off their land. The _________________ refused to give up their land in _______________. They were very civilized and even wrote a constitution declaring they were a separate _____________. One of their scholars named ___________________ did tremendous things for his people and never resorted to violence. In the Supreme Court case ____________________________, John Marshall told President __________________ to send troops loyal friends Indian kicking Cherokee Georgia nation Sequoyah Worcester v. Georgia Jackson

8. Remove those white men from Cherokee lands immediately! No! You do it! john marshall Andrew jackson

9. Georgia to remove ___________________ from • Cherokee lands. Jackson responded, Marshall has • mad his decision. Now let him _________________ • it.” Worn down from dealing with the government, the • Cherokee moved to Indian Territory (_______________). • ______________ Trouble – Congress levied higher • and higher ________________ tariffs to protect the • “____________” northern industries from foreign • competition. Although this helped the __________, it • upset the __________ because prices on goods • skyrocketed and prices on ____________ plummeted • because of the decreased trade with foreign countries. white men enforce Oklahoma

10. Trail of Tears

11. Georgia to remove ___________________ from • Cherokee lands. Jackson responded, Marshall has • mad his decision. Now let him _________________ • it.” Worn down from dealing with the government, the • Cherokee moved to Indian Territory (_____________). • ______________ Trouble – Congress levied higher • and higher ________________ tariffs to protect the • “____________” northern industries from foreign • competition. Although this helped the __________, it • upset the __________ because prices on goods • skyrocketed and prices on ____________ plummeted • because of the decreased trade with foreign countries. white men enforce Oklahoma Tariff protective infant North South cotton

12. The ___________________ Controversy – South • Carolina’s _________________________became the defender of _____________________. Southerners • felt that if a federal law (like the tariff of abominations) hurt a state, the Constitution game them the right to • ___________ (disobey) it. Tension got so high that • ______________________ threatened to secede from • the Union. Calhoun resigned the ________________ because of his differences with Jackson on the subject. • Jackson sent a warship to __________________ and wasn’t going to back down and let them leave. • _____________________ helped settle the dispute in • the ________________________________, but the issue of states’ rights was not settled. Nullification John C. Calhoun states' rights

13. john c. calhoun

14. The ___________________ Controversy – South • Carolina’s _________________________became the defender of _____________________. Southerners • felt that if a federal law (like the tariff of abominations) hurt a state, the Constitution game them the right to • ___________ (disobey) it. Tension got so high that • ______________________ threatened to secede from • the Union. Calhoun resigned the ____________________because of his differences with Jackson on the subject. • Jackson sent a warship to __________________ and wasn’t going to back down and let them leave. • _____________________ helped settle the dispute in • the ________________________________, but the issue of states’ rights was not settled. Nullification John C. Calhoun states' rights nullify South Carolina vice-presidency Charleston Henry Clay Compromise of 1833

15. E. The National ____________ - Jackson did not like any banks – especially the National Bank. Even • though the ________________ said it was constitutional, Jackson thought that the Federal Government having a a bank was ______________________. He set out to destroy it. Congress passed a bill to re- • charter it, but he _________ it. Because most of the people seemed to agree with him, Congress did not _______________ it. So, the • ___________________ ceased to exist. It was replaced with a • ________________. The fall of the bank system caused an economic • _________________ that lasted for the next five years (1837 – 1842). • Martin Van Buren - _____ President (1837-1841) –Van Buren was Jackson’s second vice-president and was Jackson’s hand-picked _________ Bank Supreme Court unconstitutional vetoed override National Bank treasury depression 8th

16. Martin Van Buren

17. E. The National ____________ - Jackson did not like any banks – especially the National Bank. Even • though the ________________ said it was constitutional, Jackson thought that the Federal Government having a bank was • _______________________. He set out to destroy it. Congress passed a bill to re-charter it, but he _________ it. Because most of the people seemed to agree with him, Congress did not _______________ it. So, the ___________________ • ceased to exist. It was replaced with a _________________. The fall of the bank system caused an economic _________________ that lasted for the next five years (1837 – 1842). • Martin Van Buren - _____ President (1837-1841) –Van Buren was Jackson’s second vice-president and was Jackson’s hand-picked _________ Bank Supreme Court unconstitutional vetoed override National Bank treasury depression 8th choice

18. for the Democratic Party. He inherited Jackson’s _________________ problems and did a good job to get the country back on its feet. • William Henry Harrison - ________ President (1841) – Harrison was the first president that belonged to the ___________ Party. Harrison was a war hero known for his victory at _____________________ and his • efforts during the ___________________. During his inaugural speech, the ______ year-old Harrison contracted ________________ and died one month later. • IV. John Tyler - _______ President (1841 – 1845) – Tyler became the first Vice-President to take office through the ____________ of the President. Tyler was not liked by his Whig Party. His entire _______________ • resigned and they kicked him out of their party. economic 9th

19. william henry harrison

20. for the Democratic Party. He inherited Jackson’s _________________ problems and did a good job to get the country back on its feet. • William Henry Harrison - ________ President (1841) – Harrison was the first president that belonged to the ___________ Party. Harrison was a • war hero known for his victory at _____________________ and his • efforts during the ___________________. During his inaugural • speech, the ______ year-old Harrison contracted ________________ and died one month later. • IV. John Tyler - _______ President (1841 – 1845) – Tyler became the first Vice-President to take office through the ____________ of the President. Tyler was not liked by his Whig Party. His entire _______________ • resigned and they kicked him out of their party. economic 9th Whig Tippecanoe War of 1812 68 pneumonia 10th

21. John Tyler

22. for the Democratic Party. He inherited Jackson’s _________________ problems and did a good job to get the country back on its feet. • William Henry Harrison - ________ President (1841) – Harrison was the first president that belonged to the ___________ Party. Harrison was a • war hero known for his victory at _____________________ and his • efforts during the ___________________. During his inaugural • speech, the ______ year-old Harrison contracted ________________ and died one month later. • IV. John Tyler - _______ President (1841 – 1845) – Tyler became the first Vice-President to take office through the ____________ of the President. Tyler was not liked by his Whig Party. His entire _______________ • resigned and they kicked him out of their party. economic 9th Whig Tippecanoe War of 1812 68 pneumonia 10th death cabinet

23. Webster-Ashburton • A. ___________________________ Treaty (1842) – A • compromise with Great Britain that settled the boundary dispute in northern _____________. • B. Annexation of _____________ - While in his ______________ term (the period when James K. Polk was waiting to take office), Tyler worked hard to push the annexation of Texas through Congress. He succeeded in __________. • Chapter 13 • Transportation • A. Land • 1. The __________________________ - a primitive Indian trail that ran north to south along the

24. Webster - Ashburton Treaty

25. Webster-Ashburton • A. ___________________________ Treaty (1842) – A • compromise with Great Britain that settled the boundary dispute in northern _____________. • B. Annexation of _____________ - While in his ______________ term (the period when James K. Polk was waiting to take office), Tyler worked hard to push the annexation of Texas through Congress. He succeeded in __________. • Chapter 13 • Transportation • A. Land • 1. The __________________________ - a primitive Indian trail that ran north to south along the Maine Texas lame-duck

26. James K. Polk

27. Webster-Ashburton • A. ___________________________ Treaty (1842) – A • compromise with Great Britain that settled the boundary dispute in northern _____________. • B. Annexation of _____________ - While in his ______________ term (the period when James K. Polk was waiting to take office), Tyler worked hard to push the annexation of Texas through Congress. He succeeded in __________. • Chapter 13 • Transportation • A. Land • 1. The __________________________ - a primitive Indian trail that ran north to south along the Maine Texas lame-duck 1845 Great Wagon Road

28. Great Wagon Road

29. ________________________________. Early settlers from _______________________ used this • route to push their way to Augusta, ______________. • The ________________________ - the major route for • American pioneers traveling into ________________ • and the _________ Valley. It was cleared and marked • by ____________________ and 30 axe men in 1775. • It extended from eastern ________________ through • the ______________________ (a natural passage • through the mountain barrier) to east central Kentucky. • By 1800, 200,000 settlers had used the road. • 3. The ______________________ - also known as the Appalachian Mountains Pennsylvania Georgia Wilderness Road Kentucky Ohio Daniel Boone Virginia Cumberland Gap

30. Daniel Boone Cumberland Gap

31. ________________________________. Early settlers from _______________________ used this • route to push their way to Augusta, ______________. • The ________________________ - the major route for • American pioneers traveling into ________________ • and the _________ Valley. It was cleared and marked • by ____________________ and 30 axe men in 1775. • It extended from eastern ________________ through • the ______________________ (a natural passage • through the mountain barrier) to east central Kentucky. • By 1800, 200,000 settlers had used the road. • 3. The ______________________ - also known as the Appalachian Mountains Pennsylvania Georgia Wilderness Road Kentucky Ohio Daniel Boone Virginia Cumberland Gap National Road

34. Cumberland Road, was the first federal highway in the U.S. Authorized by an act of Congress in 1806 and built from Cumberland, MD, to ___________________ (between 1811 and 1852) it was the chief road to the West for many years. It cost $_____________, or about $13,000 a mile. 4. __________________ - a road whose construction, or maintenance costs, are paid for by fees collected from the road’s users. The name came form the sharp sticks guarding the entrance to the road. On payment of the__________, the sticks were turned down into a grate. B. Water 1. _____________ - a shallow manmade water highway that Vandalia, IL 1.7 million Turnpike toll Canal

35. connects two bodies of water. Most canals were ______ wide and _____ feet deep. _____________ are water compartments that can be opened and shut to keep a constant water level in the canal. 2. _______________________ - connects New York City, via the __________________________, to Lake Erie (at Buffalo, NY), and the other Great Lakes. It was ______ miles long, 4 feet deep, and had 83 locks. It was built by the state of NY between 1817 and 1825, and was immediately successful. Within 10 years, the building costs were paid through the collection of tolls from users. The canal contributed to the dominance of New York as a port city, as well 4 Locks 36

38. connects two bodies of water. Most canals were ______ wide and _____ feet deep. _____________ are water compartments that can be opened and shut to keep a constant water level in the canal. 2. _______________________ - connects New York City, via the __________________________, to Lake Erie (at Buffalo, NY), and the other Great Lakes. It was ______ miles long, 4 feet deep, and had 83 locks. It was built by the state of NY between 1817 and 1825, and was immediately successful. Within 10 years, the building costs were paid through the collection of tolls from users. The canal contributed to the dominance of New York as a port city, as well 4 Locks 36 Erie Canal Hudson River 363

39. Erie Canal Albany Buffalo

41. as opening Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and the other Great Lakes’ states to settlement by __________________, who were then able to ship produce east via the canal and receive manufactured goods in exchange. 4. ___________________ - the term steamboat usually refers to a small, shallow-draft vessel operating on _____________ waters and propelled by paddle wheels. The first steamboat to find practical application was a vessel demonstrated in 1787 on the Delaware River at Philadelphia by ______________________. In 1790, he established the world’s first steamboat passenger service, between Philadelphia and Trenton. It was a __________________ immigrants Steamboats inland John Fitch technical

42. John Fitch

43. commercial success but a ____________________ failure. With the commercial success of _____________________’s steamboat “The _________________” (built in 1807), steamboats became popular. In 1811, Fulton’s “_______________________” became the first steamboat on the ___________________________ River. C. Railroads 1. An inventor named ______________________ built the first U.S. steam locomotive name “_____________________.” It reached unheard-of speeds of 18 MPH. Robert Fulton Clermont

44. Robert Fulton

48. commercial success but a ____________________ failure. With the commercial success of _____________________’s steamboat “The _________________” (built in 1807), steamboats became popular. In 1811, Fulton’s “_______________________” became the first steamboat on the ___________________________ River. C. Railroads 1. An inventor named ______________________ built the first U.S. steam locomotive name “_____________________.” It reached unheard-of speeds of 18 MPH. Robert Fulton Clermont New Orleans Mississippi

49. Sinking of the $40,000 "New Orleans" 2 years into service (hit a stump)

50. commercial success but a ____________________ failure. With the commercial success of _____________________’s steamboat “The _________________” (built in 1807), steamboats became popular. In 1811, Fulton’s “_______________________” became the first steamboat on the ___________________________ River. C. Railroads 1. An inventor named ______________________ built the first U.S. steam locomotive name “_____________________.” It reached unheard-of speeds of 18 MPH. Robert Fulton Clermont New Orleans Mississippi Peter Cooper