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Mixed Methods ( 混合方法 )

Mixed Methods ( 混合方法 ). Social Research Methods 2113 & 6501 Spring, 2007 May 23~24, 2007. A note on this lecture:.

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Mixed Methods ( 混合方法 )

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  1. Mixed Methods (混合方法) Social Research Methods 2113 & 6501 Spring, 2007 May 23~24, 2007

  2. A note on this lecture: • This lecture is a very brief introduction on mixed methods, since its formal and complete treatment is somewhat complicated and beyond the scope of this course. (在此僅將混合方法做一簡短的介紹,正式完整的解釋有些複雜,且超出這門課的範圍。) • My main purpose: to provide you some basic knowledge about this latest methodology approach. (目的:對社會科學最新的研究取向有一基本了解)

  3. What is the “mixed methods” approach? • A “new” methodology movement in social sciences (最新的研究取向,但其實研究者已經使用此法很長一段時間,只是最近才獲得認可與正式的討論) • In fact, scholars have long used mixed methods in social sciences, but this approach only gained recognition recently. • It literally means to use two or more methods in the same research; methods could be qualitative or quantitative. (意思是在一研究中使用兩種(含)以上的方法,質性或量化方法則不拘。) • No formal Chinese translation yet, I tentatively call it “混合方法.” (沒有正式的中文譯名,引用時最好附上英文名詞)

  4. A formal definition of “mixed methods”:混合方法的正式定義 • “ A mixed methods study involves the collection or analysis of both quantitative and/or qualitative data in a single study in which the data are collected concurrently or sequentially, are given a priority, and involve the integration of the data at one or more stages in the process of research.” (Creswell et al. 2003: 212) (混合方法: 在一研究中,使用了兩種以上的量化及(或)質性資料蒐集與分析的方法,但其中一個方法比較重要。資料蒐集可以同時或循序進行,在研究過程中要留意不同性質資料的整合。)

  5. Why “mixed methods?” • Q: Why not just use quantitative or qualitative method? Why uses both? • A: Quantitative or qualitative method each has its own inherent weakness but would be greatly strengthened when combined with the unique qualities of the other. (為什麼要使用質性及量化兩種方法? 每個研究途徑有其潛在弱點,聯合使用時可以互補,各自的特點更能彰顯。)

  6. The advantages of mixed methods (混合方法的優點): • To provide answers to research questions that other methodologies cannot furnish (對其他研究途徑不能回答的研究問題提供答案) • To corroborate the findings for stronger inference (結果互相佐證,推論根據愈強) • To provide a more elaborate and richer understanding of a phenomenon (對社會現象有更豐富完整的了解) • To present divergent views for alternative explanations, improvements in the testing method, or new research directions (提供多元、不同的解釋,改進研究方法,提供新的研究方向)

  7. The disadvantages of mixed methods (混合方法的缺點): • More time, cost, and efforts in carrying out mixed methods research (時間、心力、經濟成本都比較高) • Need to be familiar with both quantitative and qualitative research, but little training has been offered by universities (必須學習質性及量化研究,但一般課程很少強調此點) • Its theoretical foundation is still being contested (理論基礎仍有待爭論)

  8. An important thing to remember: • When using mixed methods, you need to follow the procedures of quantitative or qualitative method. Your research questions, sampling strategies, and inferences have to be consistent with each method. • You must respect the “methodological integrity” of each method. (注意: 使用混合方法時,必須遵循質性或量化方法的特性,研究問題、抽樣策略、推論等都必須依照各方法的要求。)

  9. So, how to mix methods? Consider four criteria (使用時,考慮四個類別: ) • Implementation (執行) • Priority (優先程度) • Integration (整合) • Theoretical Perspective (理論面向)

  10. 六個主要的方法,在此只討論一項: Sequential Explanatory Design 先用一個方法,再用另一個方法 重點在解釋

  11. Six Major Designs of Mixed Methods: Sequential Explanatory Design • Most straightforward, aim to explain (此法直接清楚) • Collect and analyze quantitative data first, then collect and analyze qualitative data (先搜集量化資料,再蒐集質性資料,ex: 先問卷調查,再深度訪談) • Priority is on quantitative data (重點在量化資料) • Integrated during the interpretation phase of the study (詮釋資料時將兩種資料合併) • Use qualitative results to assist in explaining and interpreting quantitative findings (質性資料是幫助解釋量化分析結果,提供脈絡) • Easy to implement, easy to describe and report (比較容易執行,資料整合比較進行) • But the length of data collection may be long (資料蒐集時間可能較長)

  12. 使用混合方法要點: • 在各小組的研究設計中,質性深度訪談是用來提供更多解釋,澄清疑問,所以是輔助量化研究。 • 也有的小組是用來蒐集問卷無法詢問的問題,那質性資料重要性提高 • 為簡化程序,先分析量化資料,知道主要的結果,再從質性資料分析中尋找可對應或背景資訊,使解釋更完整 • 先進行量化分析可使質性資料編碼更容易

  13. 使用混合方法要點: • 討論結果時,可以量化發現為主軸,再輔以質性資料發現 • 也可單獨提出各研究途徑發現有趣的結果,也可討論兩種方法中相異的發現 • 重點是呈現與討論結果時,必須與研究主軸契合,整合你的資料,選出最精彩的發現來強調你的論點

  14. 使用混合方法要點: • 還有,別忘了在正式的報告中加入質性研究的描述。例如: 研究方法,研究資料蒐集等等。 • 清楚說明各研究途徑進行的方式,及何種途徑為優先 • 記得: 整合資料! (善用混合方法的優點)

  15. 混合方法 • 記得還有其他研究設計,質性研究也可以成為重點 • 不是適用於所有的研究題目,仔細思考你的研究問題及目的 • 執行及學習上比較花時間心力,但過程中往往可以學到很多,對研究問題可以提出較全面的詮釋 • 老師的建議: 因為種種原因的限制,同學可以著重於一研究途徑(量化或質性皆可),行有餘力,再學習另一種

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