Relative Clauses

1. Relative Clauses 2 NI 2012-2013

2. Relative Clauses • What are Relative Clauses? they describe or provide information about something or someone that we have usually already specified. I told you about the woman who lives next door. Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

3. Relative Clauses • Relative Clauses are similar in function to adjectives: I like working with studentswho appreciate what I do. I likeappreciativestudents. Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

4. Relative Clauses When do we use them? Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

5. Uses: Relative Clauses • Relative clauses combine clauses without repeating things, e.g. instead of saying: I tried to help a child. The child was crying her eyes out. I tried to help a child who was crying her eyes out. Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

6. Relative Clauses • We sometimes use relative clauses to identify things or people, to distinguish them from others. Macunians aren’t people who live in Manchester, they’re people who were born there. Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

7. Relative Clauses • Two types of Relative Clauses are: • Defining • Non-defining Let’s have a look at the defining clauses Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

8. Relative Clauses • What do defining clauses do? they identify a particular thing or person from two or more similar things or people, showing which one or ones we are talking about. This is the hotel we stayed in. Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

9. Meaning: Defining Clause • She likes people who are friendly. She likes people on its own doesn't mean very much; we need to know which people she likes. • Politicians who tell lies are not good examples. “who tell lies” tells us exactly which politicians are odious. Without it, the speaker is saying that all politicians are not good examples. • A corkscrew is a thing you use to open a bottle of wine. A corkscrew is a thing doesn't make sense on its own. Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

10. Defining Relative Clauses • Structure Notice how we can leave out the relative pronoun if it is the object of the relative clause. This is very common. Pronoun Ieft out Did you like the present I gave you? Who was that man you were talking to? The thing I like about Dave is his sense of humour. which who that Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

11. Defining Relative Clauses • We cannot leave out the pronoun if it is the subject of the clause. Pronoun not Ieft out I met a man who works in advertising. I'll lend you the book that changed my life. The thing that helped me most was knowing I wasn't alone Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

12. Defining Clauses: Possible pronouns Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

13. Defining Clauses: prepositions Prepositions usually come at the end of the relative clause. Come and meet the people I work with. This is the book I was telling you about. She's a friend I can always rely on. Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

14. exercises Now it’s your turn! Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

15. Make one Sentence 1. That is the man. He is teaching Maths at the school. • That is the man who is teaching Maths at the school. 2. I can’t find my jacket. It is yellow. • I can’t find the jacket which is yellow. 3. Let’s go to a restaurant. We can have pizza there. • Let’s go to a restaurant where we can have pizza. Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

16. Make one Sentence 4. Do you know the girl? Her hair is red. • Do you know the girl whose hair is red?. 5. I will never forget the day. I met you on that day. • I will never forget the day when I met you. 6. Do you know the park? It has a fountain. • Do you know the park which has a fountain? Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

17. Make one Sentence 7. Do you know the park? I can find a fountain in that place/there. • Do you know the park where I can find a fountain? 8. Do you know the place? They let me cook some fish at that place.. • Do you know the place where they let me cook some fish? Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

18. Make one Sentence 9. He’s the accountant. He does my accountants. • He’s the accountant who does accountants 10. That’s the magazine. It arrived this morning. • That’s the magazine that arrived this morning. 11. They’re the birds. I fed them this morning. • They’re the birds that I fed this morning. Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

19. Make one Sentence 12. Is that a hospital? Did you have an operation there? • Is that the hospital where you had an operation? Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

20. Fill in the gap 1. Those are the tourists _________ credit cards stolen. 1. Those are the tourists whose credit cards stolen. 2. That is the church _____ Michael and Mary got married. 2. That is the church where Michael and Mary got married. 3. The teacher didn’t understand the reason why he hadn’t done his homework. 3. The teacher didn’t understand the reason _____ he hadn’t done his homework. Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

21. Fill in the gap 3. What’s the name of the skiing resort ____ you stayed last Christmas? where 4. Can you remember the time _____ you lived in Italy? when 5. Fred is the name of the teacher _____ car was stolen. whose Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

22. Fill in the gaps 6. These are the flats _____ we are thinking of buying. 7. This is the book _____ I would recommend to all my students. 8. This is the easiest grammar point _____ we have seen this year.    Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com