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Pengantar Bioteknologi Pertanian

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Pengantar Bioteknologi Pertanian

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    1. Pengantar Bioteknologi Pertanian Dr. Donny Widianto Dr. Irfan D. Prijambada Dr. Jaka Widada

    2. Rencana Perkuliahan

    5. Pustaka Acuan Glick, B.R. and J.J. Pasternak. 1994. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and application of recombinant DNA. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC. Watson, J.D., M. Gilman, J. Witkowski, and M. Zoller. 1992. Recombinant DNA. Scientific American Books, New York, USA. Mantell, S.H., J.A. Matthews, and R.A. McKee. 1985. Principles of Plant Biotechnology: an introduction to genetic engineering in plants. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK. Brown, C.M., I. Campbell, and F.G. Friest. 1987. Introduction to Biotechnology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK. Smith, J.E. 1985. Biotechnology Principles. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co Ltd., Berkshire, UK. Drlica, K. 1984. Understanding DNA and Gene Cloning. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, USA.

    7. What is biotechnology? Any commercial use or alteration of organisms, cells and biological molecules to achieve specific, practical goals. Examples (in long use) Selective breeding Use of yeast to make wine Current techniques Genetic engineering: modification of genetic material to achieve specific goals

    11. Goals of Biotechnology To understand more about the processes of inheritance and gene expression To provide better understanding & treatment of various diseases, particularly genetic disorders To generate economic benefits, including improved plants and animals for agriculture and efficient production of valuable biological molecules Example: Vitamin A fortified engineered rice (Chapter-opening case study)

    12. Sejarah Perkembangan 1750: B.C. Sumerians Brew Beer 1944: DNA confirmed as genetic material 1967: First protein synthesized by automation 1973: First recombinant DNA experiment by Cohen and Boyer 1973: Voluntary moratorium on certain cloning experiments 1974: Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee founded at NIH 1976: NIH Guidelines established 1980: Boyer Cohen patent issued (shared equally between Boyer, UCSF, Cohen, and Stanford) 1982: 1st animal vaccine made by DNA recombinant technology 1985: DNA Finger printing by Alec Jeffreys

    13. 1987: First authorized field test of a GMO-Frostban, Adv. Genetic Sciences 1988: PCR developed by K. Mullis 1990: 1st Gene Therapy Trials in U.S. 1994: Flavr Savr Tamato- Calgene 1995: 1st DNA sequences of free-living organism completed 1996: Human Genome Project under way 1997:Dolly-First cloned mammal 2000: Human Genome sequence is complete 3 billion bases, 2 yrs ahead of schedule 2001: Copy Cat, Cloning pets for profit. 2002: First Human Clone? 2003: Dolly is put down, Final version of Human DNA Sequence published.

    14. Jaman sebelum Louis Pasteur: Minuman beralkohol, makanan fermentasi Jaman Louis Pasteur: Alkohol, asam organik, pengolahan limbah Jaman antibiotika: Antibiotika, vaksin, transformasi obat Jaman pasca antibiotika: Asam amino, protein sel tunggal, imobilisasi Jaman bioteknologi modern: Antibodi monoklonal, rekayasa genetika

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