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Pengantar Bioteknologi Pertanian

Pengantar Bioteknologi Pertanian. Dr. Donny Widianto Dr. Irfan D. Prijambada Dr. Jaka Widada. Rencana Perkuliahan. Pustaka Acuan. Glick, B.R. and J.J. Pasternak. 1994. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and application of recombinant DNA. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.

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Pengantar Bioteknologi Pertanian

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  1. Pengantar Bioteknologi Pertanian Dr. Donny Widianto Dr. Irfan D. Prijambada Dr. Jaka Widada

  2. Rencana Perkuliahan

  3. Pustaka Acuan • Glick, B.R. and J.J. Pasternak. 1994. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and application of recombinant DNA. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC. • Watson, J.D., M. Gilman, J. Witkowski, and M. Zoller. 1992. Recombinant DNA. Scientific American Books, New York, USA. • Mantell, S.H., J.A. Matthews, and R.A. McKee. 1985. Principles of Plant Biotechnology: an introduction to genetic engineering in plants. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK. • Brown, C.M., I. Campbell, and F.G. Friest. 1987. Introduction to Biotechnology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK. • Smith, J.E. 1985. Biotechnology Principles. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co Ltd., Berkshire, UK. • Drlica, K. 1984. Understanding DNA and Gene Cloning. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, USA.

  4. The Latest Biotech News Monsanto halts GM wheat (May 10, 2004) • Responding to lack of market support, Monsanto • halts their Roundup Ready wheat program • Will wait until sentiment changes EU Approves New Biotech Corn Product (May 19, 2004) • Syngenta allowed to market products containing • Bt-11 insect resistant corn • First new biotech product approved in EU in five years • But company decides not to market the product • because of user concerns

  5. What is biotechnology? • Any commercial use or alteration of organisms, cells and biological molecules to achieve specific, practical goals. • Examples (in long use) • Selective breeding • Use of yeast to make wine • Current techniques • Genetic engineering: modification of genetic material to achieve specific goals

  6. What is Biotechnology? How about some definitions General Definition The application of technology to improve a biological organism Detailed Definition The application of the technology to modify the biological function of an organism by adding genes from another organisms

  7. BIOTEKNOLOGI Penggunaan mahluk hidup atau bagian-bagiannya untuk menghasilkan barang atau jasa secara industri

  8. Mikrobiologi Biologi Molekular Biokimia Biologi Sel Genetika Molekular Rekayasa Proses Bioteknologi Diagnosa Kesehatan Industri Kimia Industri Fermentasi Industri Farmasi Lingkungan dan Energi Industri Pangan dan Pakan

  9. Goals of Biotechnology • To understand more about the processes of inheritance and gene expression • To provide better understanding & treatment of various diseases, particularly genetic disorders • To generate economic benefits, including improved plants and animals for agriculture and efficient production of valuable biological molecules • Example: Vitamin A fortified engineered rice (Chapter-opening case study)

  10. Sejarah Perkembangan • 1750: B.C. Sumerians Brew Beer • 1944: DNA confirmed as genetic material • 1967: First protein synthesized by automation • 1973: First recombinant DNA experiment by Cohen and Boyer • 1973: Voluntary moratorium on certain cloning experiments • 1974: Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee founded at NIH • 1976: NIH Guidelines established • 1980: Boyer Cohen patent issued (shared equally between Boyer, UCSF, Cohen, and Stanford) • 1982: 1st animal vaccine made by DNA recombinant technology • 1985: DNA Finger printing by Alec Jeffreys

  11. 1987: First authorized field test of a GMO-Frostban, Adv. Genetic Sciences • 1988: PCR developed by K. Mullis • 1990: 1st Gene Therapy Trials in U.S. • 1994: Flavr Savr Tamato- Calgene • 1995: 1st DNA sequences of free-living organism completed • 1996: Human Genome Project under way • 1997:Dolly-First cloned mammal • 2000: Human Genome sequence is complete 3 billion bases, 2 yrs ahead of schedule • 2001: Copy Cat, Cloning pets for profit. • 2002: First Human Clone? • 2003: Dolly is put down, Final version of Human DNA Sequence published.

  12. Jaman sebelum Louis Pasteur: Minuman beralkohol, makanan fermentasi • Jaman Louis Pasteur: Alkohol, asam organik, pengolahan limbah • Jaman antibiotika: Antibiotika, vaksin, transformasi obat • Jaman pasca antibiotika: Asam amino, protein sel tunggal, imobilisasi • Jaman bioteknologi modern: Antibodi monoklonal, rekayasa genetika

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