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12/2 Focus : The Romans established a new form of government known as a republic

12/2 Focus : The Romans established a new form of government known as a republic The Romans influenced many of the values and institutions of western civilization. Important Terms: Republic, Patricians, Plebeians Do Now: Identify the type of government found in the United States.

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12/2 Focus : The Romans established a new form of government known as a republic

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  1. 12/2 Focus: • The Romans established a new form of government known as a republic • The Romans influenced many of the values and institutions of western civilization. • Important Terms: • Republic, Patricians, Plebeians • Do Now: • Identify the type of government found in the United States

  2. Ancient Rome The Roman Republic

  3. Review • What were some of the geographic characteristics associated with the Italian Peninsula?

  4. Review • What were some of the geographic advantages of Rome’s location in Italy?

  5. Review • What were the three groups that had the most influence on early Rome?

  6. The Roman Republic • Etruscan kings ruled Rome from 600 B.C. to 509 BC • Roman aristocrats overthrew the last Etruscan king in 509 BC • Establish a republic

  7. The Roman Republic • Republic • A form of government in which elected officials govern the state • power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders • Indirect democracy or representative democracy • Rome allowed free-born male citizens to participate in elections • Women could not vote

  8. Aristocratic landowners 10% of pop. Farmers, Artists, merchants majority Roman Citizens Patricians Plebeians Controlled Senate Wanted more influence on gov’t Made the laws of Rome

  9. Patricians and Plebeians • Plebeians demanded more rights in Rome from the patricians • Assembly • Gained more power over time • Tribunes • Officials elected to protect the rights of plebeians • Could veto laws that were unjust to plebeians

  10. Roman Government • Senate • 300 patrician men • Served for life • Controlled finances and foreign relations • Advised consuls

  11. Roman Government • Assemblies • Tribal Assembly and Centuriate Assembly • Made laws and appointeed officials Gaius Gracchus, tribune of the people, presiding over the Plebeian Council

  12. Roman Government • Consuls • 2 consuls elected by the assembly for 1 year • Chief executives and commanded the army

  13. Roman Government • In times of crisis, the republic could appoint a dictator to rule Rome. • Dictator • a leader who has absolute power • Could only rule for six months • Were chosen by the consul and elected by the Senate Cincinnatus

  14. 12/3 Focus: • The location of Rome helped the Romans to carry on trade and build an empire around the Mediterranean Sea • Do Now: • Identify two codes of law that we have discussed in class this year?

  15. The Twelve Tables of Rome • First written code of law in Rome • Plebeians demanded laws of Rome be written down • Laws were carved on twelve bronze tablets and displayed in the Roman Forum • Established the principle that all free citizens had the right to protection of the law

  16. The Roman Forum • The center of life in Rome • Marketplace and civic center • Senate met in the forum • Public speeches were given here • Site of many businesses

  17. Points for Discussion • What is the difference between a republic and a direct democracy? • How are the Twelve Tables of Rome and Hammurabi’s Code similar? • What was the difference between patricians and plebeians?

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