Chapter Resources

1. Chapter Resources Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. earth.msscience.com Image Bank Foldables Video Clips and Animations Chapter Summary Chapter Review Questions Standardized Test Practice

2. earth.msscience.com

3. Image Bank Click on individual thumbnail images to view larger versions.

4. Image Bank Transfer Images • To transfer images to your own power point follow the following steps: • Open the “Resource” file from the CD-ROM disc – view the file in the “normal view” or “slide sorter view” mode - go to slide #2 – from there you can click through the images and follow these instructions. Click once on the image. • Copy the image • Go to your own power point document • Paste the image.

5. Image Bank Erupting Volcano

6. Image Bank Gases of Earth’s Atmosphere

7. Image Bank Factory Emitting Gases

8. Image Bank Layers of the Atmosphere

9. Image Bank Radio Waves in the Ionosphere

10. Image Bank Space Shuttle

11. Image Bank Graph: Air Pressure Changes with Altitude

12. Image Bank Table: Temperature of the Atmosphere at Various Altitudes

13. Image Bank CFC Molecules Destroying Ozone.

14. Image Bank Energy From the Sun

15. Image Bank Radiation

16. Image Bank Conduction

17. Image Bank Convection

18. Image Bank The Water Cycle

19. Image Bank Earth’s Atmosphere Controlling the Sun’s Radiation

20. Image Bank Intensity of the Sun’s Radiation

21. Image Bank The Coriolis Effect

22. Image Bank Polar Jet Stream

23. Image Bank Daily Winds

24. Image Bank Nightly Winds

25. Foldables Earth’s Atmospheric Layers Make the following Foldable to help you visualize the five layers of Earth’s atmosphere.

26. Foldables Collect 3 sheets of paper and layer them about 1.25 cm apart vertically. Keep the edges level.

27. Foldables Fold up the bottom edges of the paper to form 6 equal tabs.

28. Foldables Fold the paper and crease well to hold the tabs in place. Staple along the fold. Label each tab.

29. Foldables Find Main Ideas Label the tabs Earth’s Atmosphere, Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere from bottom to top as shown. As you read the chapter, write information about each layer of Earth’s atmosphere under the appropriate tab.

30. Video Clips

31. Reviewing Main Ideas 1 Earth's Atmosphere • Earth’s atmosphere is made up mostly of gases, with some suspended solids and liquids. The unique atmosphere allows life on Earth to exist. • The atmosphere is divided into five layers with different characteristics. • The ozone layer protects Earth from too much ultraviolet radiation, which can be harmful.

32. Reviewing Main Ideas 2 Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere • Earth receives its energy from the Sun. Some of this energy is reflected back into space, and some is absorbed. • Heat is distributed in Earth’s atmosphere by radiation, conduction, and convection.

33. Reviewing Main Ideas 2 Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere • Energy from the Sun powers the water cycle between the atmosphere and Earth’s surface. • Unlike the atmosphere on Mars or Venus, Earth’s unique atmosphere maintains a balance between energy received and energy lost that keeps temperatures mild. This delicate balance allows life on Earth to exist.

34. Reviewing Main Ideas 3 Air Movement • Because Earth’s surface is curved, not all areas receive the same amount of solar radiation. This uneven heating causes temperature differences at Earth’s surface. • Convection currents modified by the Coriolis effect produce Earth’s global winds.

35. Reviewing Main Ideas 3 Air Movement • The polar jet stream is a strong current of wind found in the upper troposphere. It forms at the boundary between cold, polar air and warm, tropical air. • Land breezes and sea breezes occur near the ocean.

36. Chapter Review Question 1 Which is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere? A. argon B. carbon dioxide C. nitrogen D. oxygen

37. Chapter Review Answer The answer is C. Nitrogen makes up 78 percent of the atmosphere.

38. Chapter Review Question 2 Which layer of Earth’s atmosphere is the highest above Earth’s surface? A. exosphere B. mesosphere C. stratosphere D. thermosphere

39. Chapter Review Answer The answer is A. The exosphere begins at 500 km above Earth’s surface.

40. Chapter Review Question 3 The layer of electrically charged particles in Earth’s atmosphere is called the __________. A. electrosphere B. exosphere C. ionosphere D. troposphere

41. Chapter Review Answer The answer is C. The ionosphere allows radio waves to travel across the country.

42. Chapter Review Question 4 What happens to the temperature in the mesosphere as altitude increases?

43. Chapter Review Answer As altitude increases in the mesosphere, temperature decreases.

44. Chapter Review Question 5 Why are chlorofluorocarbons thought to be important? Answer Because chlorine can destroy ozone molecules, it is thought that chlorofluorocarbon compounds may cause damage to the ozone layer in Earth’s atmosphere.

45. Standardized Test Practice Question 1 In which layer of Earth’s atmosphere would you find the ionosphere? A. exosphere B. mesosphere C. stratosphere D. troposphere

46. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. The ionosphere is found within the mesosphere and the thermosphere.

47. Standardized Test Practice Question 2 In which layer of earth’s atmosphere does temperature decrease as altitude increases? A. altisphere B. mesosphere C. terrasphere D. thermosphere

48. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. In the mesosphere, temperature decreases as altitude increases.

49. Standardized Test Practice Question 3 What is the total amount of incoming solar radiation that is absorbed? A. 15% B. 25% C. 50% D. 65%

50. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is D. Thirty-five percent of incoming solar radiation is reflected back into space.