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Designing Visuals

Learn about using tables, graphs, and illustrations in your designs to present information in a concise and visually appealing way. Explore different types of visuals and their uses in organizing data, showing relationships, and enhancing comprehension.

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Designing Visuals

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  1. Designing Visuals The meshing of words with images Tables to organize lists of data Graphs / Charts to show relationships Illustrations to show product or flow

  2. Table 2. Blood glucose levels [Carlson, 1982]. Normal (mg/dl*) 100.3 93.6 88.2 100.5 138.6 102.4 93.8 132.3 103.8 93.6 127.8 109.2 Diabetic (mg/dl) 175.8 165.7 159.4 72.1 271.0 224.6 161.8 242.7 219.4 152.6 227.1 221.3 Time (hour) midnight 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 noon 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 * decaliters/milligram Tables • Present detailed facts in a concise, readable form • Help reader find specific facts quickly • Discuss table in text

  3. Graphs and Charts • Convert numbers and words into shapes that are easy to interpret and compare • Types include • Bar graphs • Line graphs • Pie charts

  4. Table 2. Blood glucose levels [Carlson, 1982]. Breakfast 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Dinner Lunch Diabetic Blood Glucose Level (mg/dl) Normal (mg/dl*) 100.3 93.6 88.2 100.5 138.6 102.4 93.8 132.3 103.8 93.6 127.8 109.2 Diabetic (mg/dl) 175.8 165.7 159.4 72.1 271.0 224.6 161.8 242.7 219.4 152.6 227.1 221.3 Time (hour) midnight 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 noon 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 Normal 12:00 6:00 am 12:00 6:00 pm 12:00 Hour * decaliters/milligram Figure 11. Blood glucose levels for normal individual and diabetic [Carlson, 1982]. Tables vs Graphs

  5. Bar graphs compare whole units 30 Normal range 20 7-10 Cells% 10 112–175 211–366 Flight Duration (Days) Figure 4. Response of T-cells in cosmonauts after short-term and long-term flights [Konstantinova, 1991].

  6. Pie charts compare parts of a whole Medical and research wastes (16%) Industrial wastes (28%) Government wastes (2%) Power reactor wastes (64%) Figure 5. Volume of low-level nuclear wastes from various sources [League, 1985].

  7. Graphic Illustrations • Photograph, drawing, or diagram to enhance comprehension • Introduce and explain the illustration in the text • Make sure your text is consistent with your illustration

  8. Photographs provide realism 60 seconds 59.5 seconds 59 seconds Figure 2. Space Shuttle Challenger, from about 59 seconds to 60 seconds into launch (January 28, 1986). On the right rocket, flame first becomes visible and then impinges on tank.

  9. Drawings provide control over detail Used to describe a mechanism

  10. Diagrams show flow of a variable through a system or a process Figure 8. Schematic of test stand for evaluating components of an air conditioner design.

  11. Introduce and explain illustrations in the text ..., as shown in Figure 7. Figure 7. Title of figure. Some formats allow you extra sentences to explain unusual details.

  12. DSPH RECEIVER TSU TSH FLASH TANK FT T S S G TURBINE DEAR- ATOR HOT WELL HP HTR Figure 5. Schematic of thermalstorage system. Scientists and engineers often use illustrations that are too complex for the text The thermal storage system stores heat in a huge, steel- walled tank. Steam from the solar receiver passes through heat exchangers to heat the thermal oil, which is pumped into the tank. The tank then provides energy to run a steam generator to produce electricity. A schematic of this system is shown in Figure 5.

  13. 650°F 580°F 530°F 575°F solar receiver Heat Exchanger Thermal Tank Heat Exchanger steam generator 425°F 435°F 425°F 250°F The precision of the illustrations should reflect the precision of the text The thermal storage system, shown in Figure 6, stores heat in a huge, steel-walled tank. Steam from the solar receiver heats a thermal oil, which is pumped into the tank. The tank then provides energy to run a steam generator to produce electricity. Figure 6. Schematic of thermal storage system for the solar power plant.

  14. CONTROL TERMINAL PRINTER CAMERA COMPUTER DIGITIZER ELECTRO- MECHANICAL INTERFACE ROCKET Figure 8. Testing hardware. Inconsistencies between text and images disrupt flow The testing hardware of the rocket shown in Figure 8 has five main components: camera, digitizer, computer, I/O interface, and mechanical interface. Commands are generated by the computer, then passed through the I/O interface to the mechanized interface where the keyboard of the ICU is operated. The display of the ICU is read with a television camera and then digitized. This information is then manipulated by the computer to direct the next command.

  15. Electro- Mechanical Interface 2 1 Computer Rocket 3 4 Camera Digitizer Make sure your text is consistent with the diagram Our system for testing the launch controls of the rocket consists of four main parts: computer, electro-mechanical interface, camera, and digitizer. In this system (shown in Figure 9), the computer generates test commands to the rocket through the electro-mechanical interface. The test results are read with a television camera, and then digitized. The computer receives the information from the digitizer, and then directs the next test command. Figure 9. System to test launch controls for rocket.

  16. Student Sample – Photograph Micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS)

  17. Student Sample – Diagram

  18. Motion Capture Diagram by Student Diagram for process description Picture for mechanism description

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