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Mountain Building: Plate Tectonics and Settings

Explore the classic plate tectonic settings of mountain building, from divergent boundaries to fault-block mountains, fold-and-thrust belts, and volcanic arc mountains. Learn about the development of mountain ranges and the origins of various mountain formations.

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Mountain Building: Plate Tectonics and Settings

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  1. “Classic” plate tectonic settings and mountain building • Divergent boundary – fault-block mountains (horsts and grabens)

  2. Steens Mountain, Oregon

  3. “Classic” plate tectonic settings and mountain building • Divergent boundary – fault-block mountains (horsts and grabens) • Collision (convergent) boundary – “fold-and-thrust” belts

  4. Development of a fold and thrust belt mountain range Note the asymmetry as one part of the fold overrides the other part. The low-angle reverse fault is called a thrust fault.

  5. Wyoming foreland – Rockies

  6. “Classic” plate tectonic settings and mountain building • Divergent boundary – fault-block mountains (horsts and grabens) • Collision (convergent) boundary – “fold-and-thrust” belts • Subduction (convergent) boundary – volcanic arc mountains

  7. Cascades volcanic arc

  8. “Classic” plate tectonic settings and mountain building • Divergent boundary – fault-block mountains (horsts and grabens) • Collision (convergent) boundary – “fold-and-thrust” belts • Subduction (convergent) boundary – volcanic arc mountains • Transform boundaries are not associated with mountain-building

  9. Origin of the Transverse Ranges “Transpressional”

  10. Origin of the Sierra Nevada Relict subduction zone

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