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Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny. 1820-1848. Continued Movement West. 1819 Adams Onis Treaty (w/ Spain) U.S. gets Florida (continued US expansion) Spain gives up claims to Oregon (U.S./Brit. continue to claim Oregon) Spain continues to control the Southwestern U.S. (TX to CA)

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Manifest Destiny

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  1. Manifest Destiny 1820-1848

  2. Continued Movement West 1819 Adams Onis Treaty (w/ Spain) U.S. gets Florida (continued US expansion) Spain gives up claims to Oregon (U.S./Brit. continue to claim Oregon) Spain continues to control the Southwestern U.S. (TX to CA) Western trade with Mexico and Native Americans was increasingly profitable for the Eastern U.S. (think RH Dana) 1820-1848 Gradual progression of U.S. settlers to the West Mexican officials/U.S. immigrants prompted further settlement (tales of riches) Moved West across major Overland trails Santa Fe, Mormon, Oregon (hunt!)

  3. How were settlers traveling on the Mormon and Oregon trails different from those traveling to Santa Fe?

  4. Politics of Expansion Question of Texas To help settle the Texas frontier Spain gave land grants to American empresarios (land speculators) Sold off their land to Southern farmers Most new residents were slave owners Conflicted with Mexican law Mexico attempted in 1830 to cut future American immigration to Texas (unsuccessful) Closing the border didn’t work, so they decided to raise taxes instead New policies resulted in a rebellion

  5. Politics of Expansion Texas Revolution Mexican President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna attempts to crush Texas uprising Texans armed themselves for a fight Battle of the Alamo (4,000 vs. 200) “Remember the Alamo” becomes U.S. rallying cry Battle of San Jacinto Santa Anna captured & forced to sign over Texas to the U.S. in 1836 (treaty never ratified) Fight over the National Bank (Jackson) keeps national attention from focusing on the annexation of Texas until the mid 1840’s

  6. Politics of Expansion Whig Ascendancy of the early 1840’s Dominated the Presidency and Congress from 1840-1844 (Harrison and Tyler) Whig issues Replacement of the national bank Creation of “revenue” tariffs Protect Northern business Fund Southern/Western internal improvements Webster Ashburton Treaty settles Maine border w/ Brit Whig agenda falls apart under Tyler Desperate for an issue Tyler pushes for the annexation of Texas Instantly divides the nation

  7. What central question will divide the nation over Texas?

  8. Politics of Expansion Election of 1844 Henry Clay (Whig) vs. James K. Polk (Democrat) Clay opposed annexation Polk favored annexation Voters clearly chose Polk & “Manifest Destiny”

  9. What did “Manifest Destiny” mean to Americans? Why was it so popular of an idea?

  10. Manifest Destiny Americans were unified by the idea of expansion Expansion offered: Room to allow population growth/protect democracy Economic opportunity Nationalistic pride Polk favored manifest destiny in order to protect the institution of slavery Targets of American expansion Texas Oregon Northern Mexico (TX to CA) Cuba

  11. Manifest Destiny Oregon Polk had pushed for the seizure of the Oregon territory Campaign slogan: 54 40 or fight Polk attempted to secure the Oregon territory all the way to the Alaska border Problem: British claimed the same territory Solution: Compromise at the 49th parallel Both sides wanted to avoid war

  12. Manifest Destiny Mr. Polk’s War Polk successfully oversaw the annexation of Texas (1845) Annexation/Texas Revolution had severely strained U.S. relations with Mexico Polk chose to provoke war with Mexico with hopes of expanding U.S. territory all the way to CA Sent Zachary Taylor into Texas Sent John C. Fremont to California Taylor was successful in provoking a war with Mexico and Fremont leads an uprising in CA U.S. wins the war despite Mexican numerical superiority Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848 U.S. acquires most of the current Southwest to CA

  13. Polk’s new territory will be disastrous for the United States’ stability. Why?

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