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Explore the chemical reaction of photosynthesis, where reactants transform into products to create essential molecules. Discover how ancient Earth thrived before photosynthesis, and learn how autotrophs generate oxygen. Discover the key role of plants in filtering air pollutants through photosynthesis and see a vertical garden in Paris. Understand how autotrophs internally create sugar for energy using water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight. Learn about glucose, starch, and cellulose as energy sources in photosynthetic organisms. Delve into the role of chlorophyll in green plants and the structure of the chloroplast, the site of photosynthesis in plants. Get an overview of the light-dependent and light-independent reactions in photosynthesis, and the importance of ATP as an energy molecule. Uncover the process of ATP converting to ADP and vice versa. Gain insights into how plants receive CO2 and the factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis. Explore how autotrophs use intermediates and products of photosynthesis for cellular fuel, carbohydrate synthesis, and building plant structures.
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Photosynthesis • Chemical Reaction: a reaction that changes matter • Reactants: are molecules used for chemical reaction • Products: are the molecules made from a chemical reaction
Thanks Plants! • Up to 85% of the Oxygen on Earth comes from photosynthetic autotrophs! • Plants filter the air and reduce atmospheric pollutants! • Shown: Vertical garden in Paris
Photosynthesis • Autotrophs internally create sugar (food) through absorbing water, carbon dioxide, and radiant energy from the sun • Photo = light • Synthesis = to make
Simple Sugar Uses • Glucose – provides immediate energy for the plant • Starch – polysaccharide used for energy storage • Cellulose – polysaccharide used to strengthen cell wall
Pigment in green plants • Chlorophyll – pigment that reflects green light but absorbs blue and red light
The chloroplast • Sites of photosynthesis • Double membrane • Pigment: chlorophyll (located in the thylakoid) • Light dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid • Light independent reactions occur in the stroma
Photosynthesis: an overview • The light-dependent reactions convert light energy into chemical energy (ATP). • The molecules of ATP produced in the light-dependent reactions are then used to fuel the light-independent reactions that produce simple sugars. • 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is ATP??? • ATP= ENERGY • Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP is an energy molecule that provides direct energy to your cells • ATP is composed of an adenosine molecule with 3 phosphate groups attached
What is ADP??? • When one phosphate group breaks away, ATP becomes Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) • ADP has only two phosphate groups and holds less energy than ATP • ATP ADP ATP
Factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis: • Limiting factors
Light Dependent Reactions • Located in the thylakoid membrane • Pigment molecules are struck by light and give off an electron • Electron transport produces ATP • e- is replaced by splitting water (releases O2)
Light Independent Reactions • Also called the Calvin Cycle • Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast • 6 molecules of CO2 are converted into glucose
How Autotrophs Use Intermediates and Products of Photosynthesis • What do they do with the sugar?? • Glucose is used as cellular fuel and as building blocks in synthesis of carbohydrates • Sucrose is transported from leaves to all parts of the plant • Starch is the main storage form of carbohydrate in plants • Cellulose is used to make plant cell walls
