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flymove.uni-muenster.de/Processes/Segmentation/SegmentGes.html

http://flymove.uni-muenster.de/Processes/Segmentation/SegmentGes.html. wg. WT. Mirror image duplication. A>. P. A>. P. A>. P. loss of P. <A. A>. A>. <A. WT. en. anterior. posterior. WT. en. http://flymove.uni-muenster.de/Processes/Segmentation/SegmentGes.html.

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flymove.uni-muenster.de/Processes/Segmentation/SegmentGes.html

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  1. http://flymove.uni-muenster.de/Processes/Segmentation/SegmentGes.htmlhttp://flymove.uni-muenster.de/Processes/Segmentation/SegmentGes.html

  2. wg WT

  3. Mirror image duplication A> P A> P A> P loss of P <A A> A> <A

  4. WT en

  5. anterior posterior WT en

  6. http://flymove.uni-muenster.de/Processes/Segmentation/SegmentGes.htmlhttp://flymove.uni-muenster.de/Processes/Segmentation/SegmentGes.html

  7. CHRISTIANE NUSSLEIN-VOLHARD Max Planck Institute Tuebingen, Germany

  8. Saturation mutagenesis: -identify mutations in all possible genes involved in embryo patterning -saturation reached at ~5 mutations per gene

  9. Saturation mutagenesis: -identify mutations in all possible genes involved in embryo patterning -saturation reached at ~5 mutations per gene tossing marbles into bins How many bins are there?

  10. Saturation mutagenesis: -identify mutations in all possible genes involved in embryo patterning -saturation reached at ~5 mutations per gene 15 marbles tossed into bins 5 5 5 Probability of missing fourth bin in 15 trys:

  11. Saturation mutagenesis: -identify mutations in all possible genes involved in embryo patterning -saturation reached at ~5 mutations per gene 15 marbles tossed into bins 5 5 5 Probability of missing fourth bin in 15 trys: 0.75 15 = 0.013

  12. Saturation mutagenesis: -identify mutations in all possible genes involved in embryo patterning -saturation reached at ~5 mutations per gene ~99% probability there are only 3 bins 15 marbles tossed into bins 5 5 5 Probability of missing fourth bin in 15 trys: 0.75 15 = 0.013

  13. dorsal ventral posterior anterior Genes that control pattern and polarity in the embryo: Maternal genes: 1. anterior-posterior -bicoid -nanos 2. terminal -torso 3. dorsal ventral early Zygotic genes: 1. Gap genes 2. Pair-rule genes 3. Segment polarity genes 4. Homeotic genes late

  14. bicoid, nanos double: -only torso bicoid, torso double: -only nanos nanos, torso double: -only bicoid Triple mutant: -no information

  15. Maternal genes: Bicoid Hunchback Segment polarity genes: Engrailed Wingless Decapentaplegic Hedgehog Gap genes: Hunchback Kruppel Knirps Giant Homeotic genes: Ubx abdA abdB Antp Pair-rule genes: Even-skipped Ftz Runt Prd Odd-skipped

  16. WT knirps

  17. Knirps phenotype expression

  18. Kruppel Mirror image duplication phenotype expression

  19. Maternal genes: Bicoid Hunchback Segment polarity genes: Engrailed Wingless Decapentaplegic Hedgehog Gap genes: Hunchback Kruppel Knirps Giant Homeotic genes: Ubx abdA abdB Antp Pair-rule genes: Even-skipped Ftz Runt Prd Odd-skipped

  20. Pair rule: Even-skipped phenotype expression

  21. HairyRunt EveFtz

  22. Segment polarity: patched

  23. wg WT

  24. Maternal genes: Bicoid Hunchback Segment polarity genes: Engrailed Wingless Decapentaplegic Hedgehog Gap genes: Hunchback Kruppel Knirps Giant Homeotic genes: Ubx abdA abdB Antp Pair-rule genes: Even-skipped Ftz Runt Prd Odd-skipped

  25. Lecture 3…

  26. WT en

  27. wg WT

  28. http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/eduweb/virtualembryo/D_m_segment_I.htmlhttp://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/eduweb/virtualembryo/D_m_segment_I.html

  29. giant Gap genes kruppel knirps Pair-rule stripes Even-skipped

  30. bicoid hunchback knirps

  31. Knirps phenotype expression

  32. BICOID bindings sites in the Hunchback and Knirps enhancers Hunchback Knirps Ma et al. (1996) Development 122 (4): 1195. The EMBO Journal (1998) 17, 5998–6009

  33. The EMBO Journal (1998) 17, 5998–6009

  34. Cell. 2007 Jul 13;130(1):153-64. Cell. 2007 Jul 13;130(1):141-52.

  35. Is cooperativity sufficient? Spatial Bistability Generates hunchback Expression Sharpness in the Drosophila Embryo Francisco J. P. Lopes1,2,3*, Fernando M. C. Vieira3,4, David M. Holloway5,6,7, Paulo M. Bisch3, Alexander V. Spirov1,2 PLOS Computational Biology (2008) 4:e1000184

  36. BCD Cooperative binding n=~5 Hb + Positive feedback loop

  37. Bi-stable dynamics

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