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Stem-changing verbs

Stem-changing verbs. The anatomy of a verb. Every verb in Spanish is made up of two parts. The ending Each verb belongs to one of the following classes: verbs that end in –AR, those that end in –ER and those that end in –IR. The stem The stem consists of everything before the ending.

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Stem-changing verbs

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  1. Stem-changing verbs

  2. The anatomy of a verb • Every verb in Spanish is made up of two parts. • The ending • Each verb belongs to one of the following classes: verbs that end in –AR, those that end in –ER and those that end in –IR. • The stem • The stem consists of everything before the ending. • For example: Ending • preferir Stem

  3. How stem-changers work • Put simply, the stems of stem-changing verbs change when they are conjugated. • There are different types of stem-changers. • They can change from E to I, E to IE, O to UE,U to UE • Let´s say a verb is an e  i stem-changer, but the verb has more than one E. Which one changes? • As a rule, the last vowel of the stem changes. • So, in the case of preferir, which is an e to ie stem-changer, the first e does not change but the last one does.

  4. How stem-changers conjugate • The change in stem-changers occurs when the verb is conjugated. • The stem-change is present in the yo*, tú, usted/él/ellaand ustedes/ellos/ellas forms. *There are a few verbs that take irregular “yo” forms in apart from the stem-change • The stem-change is NOT PRESENT is the nosotros/nosotras and vosotros/vosotras forms. • Stem-changers are often called shoe verbs or boot verbs because of the way the conjugation table looks with the exlusion of the nosotros and vosotros forms. • The endings stay the same as always depending on whether it is an –AR, -ER, or –IR verb!

  5. How do you spot one? • Students of Spanish often struggle with stem-changers. They want to know if there is a secret to identifying which verbs stem-change. • Unfortunately, there is nothing identifiable that will let you know. • A good phrase to know is “porquesí”, which means “because that´s the way it is.” • ¡Quéfrustración! How am I supposed to learn them, then? • You practice them, use them and notice them when you see or hear them. • The good news is that with time and practice, this will come naturally to you!

  6. ¡A practicar! Empezar (e:ie) To start/begin Yo Nosotros Nosotras Empiezo Empezamos Tú Vosotros Vosotras Empezáis Empiezas Usted Él Ella Ustedes Ellos Ellas Empieza Empiezan

  7. ¡A practicar! Entender (e:ie) To understand Yo Nosotros Nosotras Entiendo Entendemos Tú Vosotros Vosotras Entendéis Entiedes Usted Él Ella Ustedes Ellos Ellas Entiende Entienden

  8. ¡A practicar! pensar (e:ie) To think Yo Nosotros Nosotras pienso pensamos Tú Vosotros Vosotras pensáis piensas Usted Él Ella Ustedes Ellos Ellas piensa piensan

  9. ¡A practicar! Preferir (e:ie) To prefer/rather Yo Nosotros Nosotras Prefiero Preferimos Tú Vosotros Vosotras Preferís Prefieres Usted Él Ella Ustedes Ellos Ellas Prefiere Prefieren

  10. ¡A practicar! Venir (e:ie) To come* irregular “yo” form Yo Nosotros Nosotras Vengo* Venimos Tú Vosotros Vosotras Venís Vienes Usted Él Ella Ustedes Ellos Ellas Viene Vienen

  11. ¡A practicar! Almorzar (o:ue) To eat lunch Yo Nosotros Nosotras Almuerzo Almorzamos Tú Vosotros Vosotras Almorzáis Almuerzas Usted Él Ella Ustedes Ellos Ellas Almuerza Almuerzan

  12. ¡A practicar! Dormir (o:ue) To sleep Yo Nosotros Nosotras Duermo Dormimos Tú Vosotros Vosotras Dormís Duermes Usted Él Ella Ustedes Ellos Ellas Duerme Duermen

  13. ¡A practicar! Encontrar (o:ue) To find Yo Nosotros Nosotras Encuentro Encontramos Tú Vosotros Vosotras Encontráis Encuentras Usted Él Ella Ustedes Ellos Ellas Encuentra Encuentran

  14. ¡A practicar! Jugar (u:ue) To play Yo Nosotros Nosotras Juego Jugamos Tú Vosotros Vosotras Jugáis Juegas Usted Él Ella Ustedes Ellos Ellas Juega Juegan

  15. ¡A practicar! Recordar (o:ue) To remember Yo Nosotros Nosotras Recuerdo Recordamos Tú Vosotros Vosotras Recordáis Recuerdas Usted Él Ella Ustedes Ellos Ellas Recuerda Recuerdan

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