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14 Sept. ‘13 Kennedy Graham, MP

“The Christian Responsibility to Protect” Study Day – Peacekeeping & International Law: Future Direction of NZ Foreign Policy. 14 Sept. ‘13 Kennedy Graham, MP. Peacekeeping & International Law: Future Direction of NZ Foreign Policy. Philosophical Framework

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14 Sept. ‘13 Kennedy Graham, MP

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  1. “The Christian Responsibility to Protect” Study Day – Peacekeeping & International Law: Future Direction of NZ Foreign Policy 14 Sept. ‘13 Kennedy Graham, MP

  2. Peacekeeping & International Law: Future Direction of NZ Foreign Policy • Philosophical Framework • Review of UN Peace & Security (incl. peacekeeping) • NZ Foreign Policy • Green Global Affairs Policy

  3. Philosophical Framework

  4. Review of UN Peace & Security (incl. peacekeeping) • 1920 - 1950 Collective security: collective response against inter-state aggression 1919 universal veto 1945 P-5 veto Ch. VI = Pacific Settlement; VII = Enforcement [Korea (UNSC/UNGA: UfP; Iraq ’90] • 1956 – 90 Classical peacekeeping Ch. 6½ Egypt / Kashmir (Blue Helmets) • 1990 - 2013 Modern peacekeeping Ch VI/VII/VIII 1993 Agenda for Peace 1995 Agenda for Peace Supplement 2000 Brahimi Report: 1. Conflict Prevention 2. Peacekeeping Internal (Somalia/Rwanda etc.) 3. Peacemaking (Ch VII) ‘robust’ 4. Peacebuilding: complex missions 2001 ICISS - R2P 2009 New Horizon Initiative/2011 PR 2

  5. Review of UN Peace & Security (R2P) Responsibility to Protect Criteria • Authority • Cause • Intention • Finality • Proportionality • Prospects

  6. NZ Foreign Policy: Dilemmas Legal / then Political Judgement: NO? YES? Kosovo ’99 Korea ‘50 Afghanistan ’01 Iraq ’90 Iraq ’03 Rwanda ‘94 Libya ’11 Bougainville ’97 Syria ‘13 Timor Leste ‘99 Solomons ‘03

  7. Green Global Affairs Policy Key Principle Universal human values (freedom, equality, solidarity, tolerance, HR, env. integrity) Policy Goals • Global sustainability: optimal pop.; carrying capacity; planetary boundaries; • Global justice: fair trade/inv; debt relief; ODA; refugees; human rights • Global peace & security: coll. security; CT; arms control • Global community: Cultural dialogue; global governance; Int. law Specific Points * CP/mediation units in UN/PIF * NZ specialise in regional peacekeeping * Promote R2P * Legitimise s.d. through mandatory reporting to UNSC * UNSC reform: non-veto perm.; veto restrictions; standing UN standing reserve.

  8. UN Standing Reserve? “It takes considerable time to deploy troops; often asked why not a UNSR? A UNSR sounds logical, but it would be immensely costly to have a force of several thousand people on permanent standby. • It would require training, accommodating, feeding, etc; • Might not even be used. Although it takes time, it is much more practical to generate the military personnel once the go-ahead has been given.” Comment: Compared with ~190 standing national armies: less costly, more professional, more legitimate.

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