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EUKARYOTES

EUKARYOTES. “true kernel” Contain organelles : membrane-bound internal structures with specific functions (little organs) DNA found in the nucleus 2-1,000 µ Human egg can be seen with the naked eye! All other cells on earth. ORGANELLES.

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EUKARYOTES

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  1. EUKARYOTES • “true kernel” • Contain organelles: membrane-bound internal structures with specific functions (little organs) • DNA found in the nucleus • 2-1,000 µ • Human egg can be seen with the naked eye! • All other cells on earth

  2. ORGANELLES • Nucleus—controls all cell activities with nucleic acids, 2 types: DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid (genes/chromosomes) and RNA: ribonucleic acid (coded from DNA) • Nucleolus—inside the nucleus; produces ribosomes and stores RNA • Nuclear membrane —double layer of proteins and lipids; has pores/holes that regulate what goes in/out of nucleus

  3. Organelles, cont. • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)– transport route in the cell; 2 types • Rough has ribosomes along the edges (muscle cells) • Smooth which lacks ribosomes (brain/intestinal cells) • Ribosomes—produce proteins

  4. Organelles,cont. • Golgi apparatus (or bodies)—folded membrane • Distribution/packaging center • Contains enzymes that put a “coating” on lipids/proteins and determine where they will go---in or out of the cell

  5. Organelles, cont. • Mitochondria– powerhouse of the cell • All E comes from this organelle during cell respiration • Glucose is broken down and releases ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

  6. Organelles, still…. • Lysosomes—little vesicles that contain digestive enzymes that break down old/useless cell parts • Vacuoles—store H2O, nutrients, wastes • Small in animal, large in plants—WHY?

  7. Almost done….. • Cell/plasma membrane allows cell to be selective in what gets in/leaves the cell • Separates the cell from its environment • Made of a double layer with proteins and phosphorous groups outside and wet and lipids inside and dry

  8. YEA!! • PLANTS ONLY: • Cell wall —made of cellulose for support • Chloroplasts—green pigmented organelles responsible for photosynthesis (more on that later…) • ANIMALS ONLY: • Centrioles—cylindrical “tubes” used to move chromosomes around during mitosis (more about that later, too…)

  9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1GQyciJaTA&feature=related

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