Project Leader: Giovanni Ricco Project Coordinator: Marco Ripani Participants:

1. Sistemi intrinsecamente sicuri - SIS • Project Leader: Giovanni Ricco • Project Coordinator: Marco Ripani • Participants: ADS studies and Fusion-Driven device studies • Walter Borreani, INFN postdoc • Michail Osipenko, INFN staff scientist • Fabio Panza, postdoc grant Centro Fermi since october 2017 • Giovanni Ricco, CF and INFN associate • Marco Ripani, INFN senior scientist and CF associate • Paolo Saracco, INFN staff scientist and CF associate • Place of Work & Collaborations: • Genova ADS studies • Guglielmo Lomonaco, GENERG-DIME/TEC Scuola Politecnica Unige, researcher • Gabriele Firpo, Ansaldo Nucleare • Carlo Maria Viberti, Ansaldo Nucleare Fusion-Driven device studies • Group at Consortium RFX, Padova, Italy • Group at ENEA Frascati and Consortium CREATE/University of Naples Roma, March 2018 - PTA

2. Sistemi intrinsecamente sicuri - SIS Project main goals and results achieved in 2017 A low power ADS irradiation facility for fast and slow neutrons Applications to transmutation of waste and radioisotope production Beam pipe, 70 MeV-1 mA protons Beryllium target Thermal power P=565 kW keff = 0.974 • Fast core based on MOX (U-Pu) fuel and solid Lead matrix • Reflector surrounding the core made by composite lead-graphite-lead structure • Cooling of core through water pipes

3. Sistemi intrinsecamente sicuri - SIS Core Irradiation Channel (IC) Core Thermal IC Graphite reflector Source IC

4. Sistemi intrinsecamente sicuri - SIS Applications: - Core: Minor Actinides irradiation studies mainly via fission chambers - Reflector: Medical radioisotopes production and fission product transmutation studies - External irradiation channels: prompt gamma measurements from n capture Example: Tc-99m production: - Natural Mo sample (m=500 g, 24.29% Mo.98), 6h irradiation in graphite Tc-99m mass after 1 d of decay period: 5.4E-8 g → 1E+10 Bq - UO2 (20% U235) sample (m=500 g,), 6h irradiation in graphite Tc-99m mass: 4.4E-7 g → 8.6E+10 Bq If we consider 30mCi of Tc99m as a single medical treatment, we are able to produce from 9 to 77 specimens respectively Final paper almost ready for submission

5. Sistemi intrinsecamente sicuri - SIS Neutron spectrometer based on diamond detectors for fast eactors Fission spectrum < ~ 6 MeV, exothermic reaction (Q = 4.7 MeV): n +6Li t (2.73MeV) +  (2.06MeV) Measurement performed at ENEA Frascati Neutron Generator • Signals to fast preamp after 3-5 m cable • Set-up with electronics far from neutron source so as to avoid radiation damage • Small active area and conversion efficiency + fast signals (~ 10 ns) allow working in high neutron flux (likely up to ~ 1012 n/cm2/s) • Energy resolution moderate (~ 300 keV FWHM) but sufficient to give indication on neutron spectrum • New measurement campaign in certified n field at PTB Braunschweig, Germany Roma, March 2018 - PTA

6. SIS: publications, conference talks in 2017 Papers submitted 1. F. Panza, G. Firpo, G. Lomonaco, M. Osipenko, G. Ricco, M. Ripani, P. Saracco and C. M. Viberti, "A new hybrid fast-slow ADS for research and applications", in Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Technology and Components of Accelerator-Driven Systems, Mito, Japan, 6-9 September 2016, published by OECD-NEA, Nuclear Science NEA/NSC/R(2017)2 June 2017, p. 307 2. F. Panza, G. Firpo, G. Lomonaco, M. Osipenko, G. Ricco, M. Ripani, P. Saracco and C. M. Viberti, "New infrastructure for studies of transmutation and fast systems concepts", in Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Radiation Shielding (ICRS-13) & 19th Topical Meeting of the Radiation Protection & Shielding Division of the American Nuclear Society 2016 (RPSD-2016), Paris, France, 3-6 October 2016, EPJ Web of Conferences (2017) 153, 05003 3. P. Saracco, W. Borreani, D. Chersola, G. Lomonaco, G. Ricco, and M. Ripani, "A useful observable for estimating keff in fast subcritical systems", in Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Radiation Shielding (ICRS-13) & 19th Topical Meeting of the Radiation Protection & Shielding Division of the American Nuclear Society 2016 (RPSD-2016), Paris, France, 3-6 October 2016, EPJ Web of Conferences (2017) 153, 05017 4. F. Panza, M. Ciotti, F. P. Orsitto, M. Osipenko, J. Manzano, A. Pizzuto, G. Ricco, M. Ripani, "Application of a new fast reactor for fission-fusion hybrid systems", in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Fusion for neutrons and sub-critical nuclear fission for waste management and safety, Frascati, Italy, 26-28 October 2016, published by ENEA, ISBN: 978-88-8286-357-9, p. 34 5. W. Borreani, M. Bruzzone, D. Chersola, G. Firpo, G. Lomonaco, M. Palmero, F. Panza, M. Ripani, P. Saracco, C. M. Viberti, "Preliminary thermal-fluid-dynamic assessment of an ADS irradiation facility for fast and slow neutrons", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND TECHNOLOGY (2017) 35, S186 Roma, March 2018 - PTA

7. SIS: list of publications (2) 6. F. Panza, M. Osipenko, G. Ricco, M. Ripani, P. Saracco, "Influence of reflector materials and core coolant on the characteristics of accelerator driven systems", Annals of Nuclear Energy (2017) 109, 162 7. F. Panza, G. Firpo, G. Lomonaco, M. Osipenko, G. Ricco, M. Ripani, P. Saracco and C. M. Viberti, "A low power ADS for transmutation studies in fast systems", EPJ Nuclear Sci. Technol. (2017) 3, 36 8. M. Osipenko, A. Bellucci, V. Ceriale, D. Corsini, G. Gariano, F. Gatti, M. Girolami, S. Minutoli, F. Panza, M. Pillon, M. Ripani, D. M. Trucchi, "Upgrade of the compact neutron spectrometer for high flux environments", Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research A (2018) 883, 14 9. .F. Panza, G. Lomonaco, W. Borreani, G. Ricco, M. Ripani, M. Osipenko, P. Saracco, G. Firpo, C. M. Viberti, An ADS irradiation facility for fast and slow neutrons, EUCARD-2 Workshop - Status of Accelerator Driven Systems Research and Technology Development, CERN, 7-9 February 2017, https://indico.cern.ch/event/564485/, international 10. W. Borreani, M. Bruzzone, D. Chersola, G. Firpo, G. Lomonaco, M. Palmero, F. Panza, M. Ripani, C. M, Viberti, Preliminary thermal-fluid-dynamic assessment of an ADS irradiation facility for fast and slow neutrons, 2nd AIGE/IIETA International Conference and 11th AIGE 2017 Conference on "Energy Conversion, Management, Recovery, Saving, Storage and Renewable Systems" Genoa (Italy), June 12 – 13, 2017, http://aige-iieta.com/, international 11. S. Dulla, P. Ravetto, P. Saracco, The time eigenvalue spectrum for nuclear reactors in multi-group diffusion theory, submitted to The European Physical Journal Plus 12. W. Borreani, M. Bruzzone, D. Chersola, G. Firpo, G. Lomonaco, M. Osipenko, M. Palmero, F. Panza, M. Ripani, P. Saracco, C. M.Viberti, Initial thermal-hydraulic assessment by OpenFOAM and FLUENT of a subcritical irradiation facility, submitted to Thermal Science and Engineering Progress Roma, March 2018 - PTA

8. Sistemi intrinsecamente sicuri - SIS Milestones 2018 (completed, in progress) - Complete simulations of physics and engineering aspects of low-power hybrid ADS: burn-up and transmutation capability, target and core cooling, shielding, practical radioisotope applications. - Prepare comprehensive publication on low-power hybrid ADS - Continue study on fusion-fission hybrid. - Continue work on new instrumentation for neutron monitoring based on diamond detectors. Roma, March 2018 - PTA

9. Sistemi intrinsecamente sicuri - SIS Plan of activities 2018 - 2020 Fusion Driven Systems: Collaboration with RFX consortium for studying a FDS based on a RFP machine and with ENEA on a similar project but based on a tokamak Central solenoid Lead/Lithium Plasma (RFP config.) Fission Core 12 sectors Lead Central solenoid P=400 MW K eff = 0.943 Fuel thickness: 15 cm Roma, March 2018 - PTA

10. Sistemi intrinsecamente sicuri - SIS Close to RPF wall External periphery Fuel sector Sector 2 Intermediate region Intermediate region Sector 1 Applications: - MA – FP transmutations - Tritium breeding - Medical radioisotopes production Roma, March 2018 - PTA

11. Expected funding in the 3-year period: • Request of funding by Centro Fermi • Grant: renewal of postdoc fellowship in October 2018 • Max 20 k€ for consumables and travel expenses per year • (Note: PTB campaign partially funded by EU-CHANDA project and INFN) • INFN provides some cofunding • - Potential external funding: • Euratom H2020 program calls in Work Programme 2018 and WP in preparation for 2019-2020 Roma, March 2018 - PTA