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LASER APPLICATIONS IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

LASER APPLICATIONS IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING. By Asst. Prof. Dr. Nahlah Qader Mohammed Physics Department- College of Education Salahaddin University 27 th January 2019. LASER IN OPTOELECTRONICS. OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS. OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS.

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LASER APPLICATIONS IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

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  1. LASER APPLICATIONS IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING By Asst. Prof. Dr. Nahlah Qader Mohammed Physics Department- College of Education Salahaddin University 27th January 2019

  2. LASER IN OPTOELECTRONICS OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS

  3. Optical fiber:

  4. Optical fibers types:

  5. Fiber optic sensors measure properties of their environment. They can measure anything which changes the way light travels through the fiber, or alters the light’s properties. Optical fiber sensors

  6. Temperature Pressure Strain Displacement Acceleration Flow rate Vibration Chemical concentrations Electrical and Magnetic Fields Rotation rate By optical fiber sensors we can measure,

  7. Working principles of optical fiber sensors

  8. Light beam changes by the phenomena that being measured. • Light may change in its five optical properties , • Intensity • Phase • Polarization • Spatial period (Wavelength) • Spectral distribution

  9. Extrinsic sensors Where the light leaves the feed or transmitting fiber to be changed before it continues to the detector by means of the return or receiving fiber

  10. Intrinsic sensors Intrinsic sensors are different in that the light beam does not leave the optical fiber but is changed whilst still contained within it.

  11. Examples of optical fiber sensors

  12. Temperature

  13. Optical fiber communication systems

  14. Advantages of optical fiber communication systems: • Ability to carry much more information and deliver it with greater fidelity • Higher data rate over great distances • Immune to all kinds of interference • Unaffected by most chemicals • No possibility of spark from a broken fiber

  15. Easier to handle and install, and uses less duct space • Ideal for secure communications systems

  16. Optical fiber communication system consists of three basic elements:- Optical transmitter- Fiber Optic cable- Optical receiver

  17. Optical transmitter: • Converts an electrical analog or digital signal into optical modulated signals • The source can be either a LED or solid state laser diode (LD) • Most equipment manufactured to operate at wavelengths of 850-1300 nm

  18. Optical transmitter:

  19. The modulated light may be turned on and off or may be linearly varied

  20. The optical receiver: • Optical receivers are available in both analog and digital version • Both types employ an analog preamplifier stage, followed by either analog or digital output

  21. Analog receiver Digital receiver

  22. Other Applications • Quantum Cryptography Quantum Optics : Entanglement of two photons Correlations between two photons , i.e., two photons are correlated in one of their properties , i.e., polarization .

  23. Possible applications : • Communications • Computers • Teleportation

  24. Communications →Quantum Cryptography → transmission of information with absolute secrecy → 1998 → technology : 5 years Computers → Quantum computers → Parallel Operations → technology : 50 years Teleportation → Disappearance and appearance between two places → technology:5000 years

  25. Quantum Cryptography

  26. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a technology that allows multiple information streams to be transmitted simultaneously over a single fiber. • Attractively, using WDM, we can benefit much more data rate using a single fiber. • WDM systems being deployed today can increase a single fiber's capacity sixteen fold, to a throughput of 40 Gb/s.

  27. WDM System

  28. 3) Fiber Bragg Grating: • The Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is a fiber optic passive component exhibiting basic functional attributes of reflection and filtering.

  29. FBG’s are commercially used in the areas of Telecommunications and Sensors: • Telecommunications • Fiber Lasers • Fiber Amplifiers • Fiber Filters • Dispersion Compensators • Optical Fiber Phase Conjugator • WDM • Multiplexers • Demultiplexers

  30. Fiber Bragg Applications- Chirped grating

  31. -WDM multiplexer Extraction of channel λk

  32. -WDM demultiplexer Insertion of channel λk

  33. 4) Optical amplifiers-EDFA (3- LEVEL SYSTEM )-NDFA (4- LEVEL SYSTEM)

  34. Thanks

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