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Cells

Cells. Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Ms. Schiavone. In this lesson, we will…. Distinguish between the basic structures and functions of plant and animal cells. (GLE 0507.1.1)

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Cells

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  1. Cells Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Ms. Schiavone

  2. In this lesson, we will… • Distinguish between the basic structures and functions of plant and animal cells. (GLE 0507.1.1) • Identify the major parts of plant and animal cells, such as, the nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, and cytoplasm. (SPI 0507.1.1) • Compare and contrast basic structures and functions of plant and animal cells. (SPI 0507.1.2)

  3. organism unicellular multicellular chlorophyll cell cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus cell wall Lesson 1 Vocabulary

  4. Name some things that have parts. • A house • A school • Football stadium • A hospital • A car • A clock

  5. What are the parts of a school? • Cafeteria • Library • Office • Classrooms • Bathrooms • Gymnasium • Auditorium • Band room How are these rooms used?

  6. What is the difference between… A frog cell and an plant cell?

  7. What are cells? • An organism is a living thing made of the same tiny building blocks called cells. • Cells are the smallest unit of living things that can carry out the basic processes of life.

  8. What are Cells? • Cells come from other cells dividing or splitting into other cells.

  9. What are cells? • Unicellular, or one-celled, organisms are made up of a single cell that carries out its life processes. • Life processes include growing, getting food, reproducing, and responding to the environment.

  10. What are cells? • Cells that have many cells are called multicellular. • Multicellular organisms include frogs, trees, and YOU! • In multicellular organisms, each cell has its own job to do.

  11. What are cells? • Cells of multicellular organisms work together to take care of different functions of the organism. • Example: Heart muscle cells work together to keep your heart beating.

  12. What are cells? • Scientist have identified more than 1 ½ million different kinds of organisms. • They estimate that there are more than 1 billion kinds of unicellular organisms.

  13. Question # 1 All organisms, or living things, are made of __________. • Organisms • Cells • Cool stuff • unicellular

  14. Question # 2 Every cell in every living thing comes from another cell that ______________. • Had a baby • Was here at the beginning of time • Splits or divides • Was created

  15. Question # 3 A single-celled organism that can carry on all its life processes is called ____________. • unicellular • One of a kind • One multicellular • cell

  16. Question # 4 Organisms made up of more than one cell are called ________________. • Unicellular • One of a kind • Multicellular • Cell

  17. Question # 5 Scientists have identified more than ________ different kinds of organisms. • 1,000,000 • 1,000,000,000 • 100 • cells

  18. Question # 6 Scientists estimate there may be more than ________ kinds of unicellular organisms. • 1 million • 1 billion • 1 hundred • 10

  19. What is inside the animal cell? • All organisms are made of cells. • Your body has more than 200 different kinds of cells. • Plant and animal cells have several basic structures, called organelles, to help them perform life processes.

  20. mitochondria nucleus cytoplasm vacuoles Cell membrane What is inside an animal cell? • Animal Cell Organelles: • Cell Membrane • Cytoplasm • Nucleus • Mitochondria • Vacuoles

  21. What is inside an animal cell? • Cell Membrane • Flexible wrapping surrounding animal cells • Gives the cell shape • Controls what materials move into and out of the cell • Only certain material are able to enter and leave the cell Cell membrane

  22. What is inside an animal cell? • Cytoplasm • Gel-like liquid that fills cells • Made of mostly water • A variety of organelles float in the cytoplasm • Supports cell’s structures • Constantly moves like a stream • Some cell life processes take place in the cytoplasm cytoplasm

  23. What is inside an animal cell? • Nucleus: • Cell’s controlcenter – the BOSS! • Large, round organelle • Usually in the center of the cell • Has a membrane with pores, or openings, to allow certain materials to pass in or out • Sends signals to all other parts of the cell with instructions nucleus

  24. What is inside an animal cell? • Mitochondria: • Oval, membrane- covered organelle • Supplies energy for the cell • Tiny power plant • Break down food, which releases energy for the cell • Some cells use more energy than others • Cells requiring more energy usually have many mitochondria mitochondria

  25. What is inside an animal cell? • Vacuole: • Used for storage • Stores water, food, and wastes • Nucleus can signal the vacuole to release whatever it is storing • Some animal cells have smallvacuoles • Some animal cells may not have any vacuoles vacuoles

  26. Question # 7 Both plant and animal cells perform life processes by using ___________. • Its parts • Cell division • organelles • multicellular

  27. Question # 8 All cells are surrounded by a(n) _________ that controls the materials that move in and out of the cell. • mitochondria • Cell membrane • nucleus • vacuole

  28. Question # 9 The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus is filled with ________. • mitochondria • Cell membrane • nucleus • cytoplasm

  29. Question # 10 The cell’s control center is called the ________. • mitochondria • Cell membrane • nucleus • cytoplasm

  30. mitochondria nucleus cytoplasm vacuoles cell membrane Draw and label a diagram of an animal cell.

  31. Lab:What substances affect cell membranes? Inquiry Skill: Experiment • Follow the steps on pages 36-37 in your text to complete the experiment. • Record your findings in your scientist notebook.

  32. cell membrane nucleus vacuole cytoplasm cell wall chloroplasts What is inside the plant cell? • Plant cells • have many of the same organelles as animal cells. • often have a box-like shape • are often a bit larger than animal cells • have additional organelles that animal cells do not have mitochondria

  33. cell membrane nucleus vacuole cytoplasm cell wall chloroplasts What is inside the plant cell? • Plant cell organelles • Nucleus • Cell membrane • Vacuole • Cytoplasm • Mitochondria • Chloroplast • Cell wall mitochondria

  34. What is inside the plant cell? • Cell wall • Additional outer covering, outside the cell membrane • Stiff structure • Provides strength and extra support cell wall

  35. What is inside the plant cell? vacuole • Vacuole • Unlike animal cells, plants usually have oneLARGE central vacuole. • Stores excess water to keep the plant from drying out • Releases extra water when the plant needs it • Provides extra support

  36. What is inside the plant cell? • Chloroplast • Plants make their own food inside chloroplasts • Green structure • Energy from the sunlight is used to producefood for the plant inside the chloroplast • Plants are green because they contain a greenchemical, chlorophyll chloroplasts

  37. What is inside the plant cell? • Chloroplast • Chlorophyll is able to use the energy in sunlight to make food • Plants that do not have chloroplasts (with the greenchemicalchlorophyll), are notgreen. • Chloroplasts are mainly found in the cells of leaves and stems of plants. chloroplasts

  38. Question # 11 The food making factory of plants is the ______________. • mitochondria • chloroplast • nucleus • cytoplasm

  39. Question # 12 The green chemical inside the chloroplast is called __________. • cytoplasm • chloroplast • nucleus • chlorophyll

  40. Question # 13 Chloroplast use energy from the ________ to make food. • vacuole • mitochondria • sun • chlorophyll

  41. Question # 14 Which organelle does the plant cell have but the animal does not? • vacuole • mitochondria • cell wall • cytoplasm

  42. Question # 15 Which organelle does the plant cell have but the animal does not? • chloroplast • mitochondria • cell membrane • cytoplasm

  43. Question # 16 Which organelle is the control center for the plant? • chloroplast • mitochondria • nucleus • vacuole

  44. Question # 17 Which organelle supplies energy for the cell? • chloroplast • mitochondria • nucleus • vacuole

  45. cellmembrane nucleus vacuole cytoplasm cellwall chloroplasts mitochondria Draw and label a diagram of a plant cell.

  46. Draw a Venn Diagram showing the similarities and differences of plant and animal cells. Plant cells Animal cells

  47. How are cells organized? • Unicellularorganisms – have only onecell that performsalllifeprocesses. • Multicellularorganisms – contains manydifferent types of cells that have specificfunctions.

  48. How are cells organized? • Similar cells working together at the same job, or function, form a tissue. • A group of tissues that work together to perform a special function form an organ. cell tissue organ organ system

  49. How are cells organized? • Organs that work together to perform a certain function make up an organ system. • All of the cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems form an organism. cell tissue organ organ system

  50. Question # 18 Organs that work together to do a certain job are called a(n) ______________. • cell • tissue • organ • organ system

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