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Understanding the Nervous System: Functions, Communication, and Reflexes

This educational module explores the intricacies of the nervous system, covering key concepts such as its definition, general functions, and the pathways for sensory information reaching the brain. It encompasses the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), neuronal communication, and reflex actions. Utilizing clicker questions and interactive activities, participants engage in learning how sensory experiences influence responses, such as the knee-jerk reflex and the sensation of pain, while also discovering the roles of different neuron types and signal transmission methods.

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Understanding the Nervous System: Functions, Communication, and Reflexes

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  1. Nervous system DivyaSitaraman, Wenqing Xu, Nikki Woodward, Alvaro Baeza Garcia

  2. Learning objectives Define the nervous system and understand how it works • The general function of the nervous system • The pathway by which sensory information reaches the brain • The basic principles of neuronal communication

  3. Clicker question #1 Which of the following is controlled by the nervous system? • Reading • Digestion • Knee-jerk reflex • Breathing • All of the above

  4. The Central Nervous System (CNS): brain & spinal cord • The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): sensory receptors & motor effectors. • The communication between CNS and PNS. Nervous system Kenyon cells Output Neurons Dopaminergic Neurons Other Modulatory Neurons

  5. Nervous system: how does it work?

  6. Concept mapping/sorting You are about to enjoy a hot steaming cup of espresso freshly brewed and prepared for you. Place the post it cards given to your group in three categories on the white board: CNS, PNS, and/or Both. Work in groups of 4

  7. You smell the espresso I am sleepy I need that coffee now You see the coffee Sip the coffee Taste the coffee This coffee is bitter You pick up the cup Coffee feels hot Espresso tastes good

  8. Clicker question #2 Which of the following activities involve Central Nervous System (CNS)? • Knee-jerk reflex • Using the clicker • Pupil Dilation • All of the above

  9. A neuron and its parts Electrical Signal Myelin Axon Chemical Signal Dendrites

  10. Clicker Question #4 Have you ever stubbed your toe and said “Ouch!” before it actually started hurting? With your knowledge of the nervous system, how might you explain this phenomenon? • Your response is a reflex that doesn’t involve the CNS (Central Nervous System) • Saying “Ouch” might make it hurt less C. Your toe nerves are directly connected to your mouth nerves D. Pain sensation travels through un-myelinated axons while normal touch travels through myelinated ones

  11. Activity Un-myelinated axon Synapse Neuron B Myelinated axon Synapse

  12. Clicker Question #3 What is the fastest way to pass a signal through a neuron? • With chemicals • From node to node • By diffusion • Via radioactivity

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