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Welcome to Workshop 88’s

Welcome to Workshop 88’s. Arduino 301: Control the World!. Please have your Arduino, IDE, and breadboard fired up and ready to go. ver 1.0 2/2/14. What we’re going to cover. Arduino pins: What you can connect directly For more muscle: Relays, Transistors

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Welcome to Workshop 88’s

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  1. Welcome to Workshop 88’s Arduino 301:Control the World! Please have your Arduino, IDE,and breadboard fired up and ready to go. ver 1.0 2/2/14

  2. What we’re going to cover • Arduino pins: What you can connect directly • For more muscle: Relays, Transistors • Solid state relays and 120VAC control • Movers: Servos, DC motors, Solenoids, Steppers • Bonus demo: BLDC motor intro Some of this is Arduino, some basic electronics.

  3. Please Introduce Yourself! • Name, job, school etc • Why you’re here • Programming in general, and with Arduino in particular • Electronics experience: Digital? Analog? AC house wiring? • Hobby stuff: Robots? RC vehicles?

  4. What we’re going to cover • Arduino pins: What you can connect directly • For more muscle: Relays, Transistors • Solid state relays and 120VAC control • Movers: Servos, DC motors, Solenoids, Steppers Some of this is Arduino, some basic electronics.

  5. Direct connect • Arduino I/O pin hardware capabilities

  6. Direct connect • Arduino I/O pin hardware capabilities Atmel AVR processor

  7. Direct connect • Arduino I/O pin hardware capabilities • 4 states • Output: HIGH: ~5V, source ~20 mA • Output: LOW: ~0V, sink ~20 mA • Input: Hi-Z, no pullup • Input: 38KΩpullup to Vcc (5V often) • Absolute Max V: Vcc + 0.5V Atmel AVR processor

  8. Atmel AVR Pins: Output

  9. Atmel AVR Pins: Output

  10. Atmel AVR Pins: Input - Normal

  11. Atmel AVR Pins: Input - Pullup

  12. Atmel AVR Pins: Input - Button

  13. How do you know the details? Look at the datasheet!

  14. Direct connect (Output!) • LED (with resistor!) • Some input expecting a “logic level” • Opto isolator (looks just like an LED!)

  15. Direct connect: PWM Digital output are either ON or OFF but a computer can turn them ON and OFF really fast. If fast enough you get an effect in between ON and OFF. Works great for LED brightness control.

  16. Direct connect: PWM • The usual approach is calledPulse Width Modulation • AVR chips support PWM only on certain pins. • Arduino does PWM by analogWrite(pin,value). • Must do pinMode(pin, OUTPUT); • analogWrite() accepts 8-bit values (0-255).

  17. Direct connect: PWM

  18. Direct connect: PWM (demo with scope)

  19. Direct connect: PWM LED lab Run up 2 LEDs, fading up/down, 180° out of phase.

  20. Direct connect: PWM and LEDs PWM is especially good for dimming LEDs since brightness is directly related to current. Varying voltage to an LED+resistor doesn’t work well at low levels.

  21. Direct connect: PWM and LEDs (demo LED with PWM v varied voltage using scope meters)

  22. Direct connect: logic level input • “TTL” standard • Servos (we’ll cover those later) • Serial communication • Any device with I2C or SPI interface

  23. Direct connect: logic level input

  24. Direct connect: opto isolator

  25. What we’re going to cover • Arduino pins: What you can connect directly • For more muscle: Relays, Transistors • Solid state relays and 120VAC control • Movers: Servos, DC motors, Solenoids, Steppers • Bonus demo: BLDC motor intro This is all basic electronics.

  26. More muscle: Relays & Transistors • Let us control higher CURRENT • Let us control higher VOLTAGE • Sometimes provide ISOLATION

  27. More muscle: Relays Classic open-frame relay

  28. More muscle : Relays What you’re likely to use: a reed relay

  29. More muscle : Relays Inside a reed relay

  30. Relays: Snubber! • Snubber, clamp, flyback, suppressor, free-wheeling, catch diode • Do some kind of demo

  31. Snubber/Freewheel/Clamp Diode

  32. More muscle : Transistors We can use transistors as electronically controlled switches. (Sort of like a relay, but often better.)

  33. More muscle : Transistors • Lots of kinds of transistors • We’ll use two: • Common bipolar • Metal Oxide Field Effect (MOSFET)

  34. More muscle : Transistors: Bipolar This is the most common type of bipolar transistor, and is the one we’ll use here.

  35. More muscle : Transistors: Bipolar In general, transistors can be considered amplifiers, but Think of it as this:

  36. More muscle : Transistors: Bipolar

  37. More muscle : Transistors: Bipolar Point iNPlace

  38. More muscle : Transistors

  39. More muscle : Transistors Switching terms: “HIGHSIDE” “LOWSIDE”

  40. More muscle : Transistors: Bipolar

  41. More muscle : Transistors: Bipolar How?

  42. More muscle : Transistors: Bipolar Inject small currentinto BASEto EMITTER to turntransistor ON Maincurrentflow

  43. More muscle : Transistors: Bipolar

  44. More muscle : Transistors: Bipolar

  45. More muscle : Transistor Lab 1 2N2222

  46. More muscle : Transistors: Bipolar What part numbers? • NPN: 2N2222(A), 2N3904 • PNP: 2N2907, 2N3906 What’s important? • Max collector voltage • Max collector current

  47. More muscle : Transistors: Bipolar

  48. More muscle : Transistors: MOSFET These are great! • Voltage controlled • VERY low ONresistance Insulated Gate!

  49. More muscle : Transistors: MOSFET Think of it as this:

  50. More muscle : Transistors: MOSFET

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