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Wednesday Oct. 18

Wednesday Oct. 18. Turn in: packet page 7. 8 and 9 Objectives: Brainpop review Types of Evolution Homework: packet p. 16 on separate paper #1,2 and 5. Quiz Friday. Questions from book section 13.1-13.3 Similarities between Lamarck and Darwin How does evolution happen?

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Wednesday Oct. 18

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  1. Wednesday Oct. 18 • Turn in: packet page 7. 8 and 9 • Objectives: • Brainpop review • Types of Evolution Homework: packet p. 16 on separate paper #1,2 and 5

  2. Quiz Friday • Questions from book section 13.1-13.3 • Similarities between Lamarck and Darwin • How does evolution happen? a. Lamarck- theory of acquired characteristics and theory of use and disuse b. Darwin- theory of natural selection • Concept map- natural selection • Variation Lab • Adaptation • Natural Selection Activity

  3. Create a concept generalization to DEFINE natural selection using the following terms: offspring variation population favorable survive environment reproduce over time adaptation • Limit generalization to less than fivesentences!! • Underline key terms in generalization!

  4. Word adapt in biology is different from every day…When speaking of evolution you should NEVER say adapt. You will lose points.

  5. Organisms….Cannot learn to adapt OR Can’t go through adaptationAdaptation means favorable variationSubstitute words Favorable variation for the word adaptation

  6. Which are okay to say?The butterfly with the eyespots had an adaptation that allowed it to escape predatorsif the fly doesn’t have the adaptation it has less chance of reproducingThe hawk adapted by getting better eyesight

  7. Does the theory of natural selection (charles darwin) mean that the strongest will survive?

  8. NO!! The best suited for the environment survives

  9. Does the theory of evolution suggest humans came from monkeys or apes?

  10. No! Humans did not come from monkeys or apes

  11. When you are thinking of evolution, do not think of humans because we are so complicated.

  12. What is the goal of every living thing? • To reproduce and pass on its genes

  13. Why is it important that populations have variations like Darwin suggested?Less chance of an entire population dying

  14. Why are there no “Pokey” cheetahs? Directional Selection

  15. Why are there no REALLY big elephants and no REALLY small elephants? Stabilizing selection * • * *

  16. Disruptional Selection results when populations are split by natural disturbance (I.e. Zaire R. in this ex.) Pygmy Chimpanzee Common Chimpanzee

  17. Goal for today’s lesson • Different types of information scientists have found that provide evidence of evolution 1. Fossils 2. Molecular similarities in proteins & nucleic acids 3. Anatomical similarities among organisms 4. Similarities among developmental patterns of organisms

  18. Evidence For EvolutionTypes of Evolution

  19. Evidence for Evolution • FOSSIL EVIDENCE AND RADIOMETRIC DATING • MORPHOLOGY (study of structures of present day organisms) • BIOCHEMICAL SIMILARITIES (comparing DNA, RNA, & variety of proteins) • EMBRYOLOGY (similarities between organisms and other organism’s pre-birth structure)

  20. Comparative Embryology

  21. Comparing DNA (Genes)

  22. Comparing Proteins (Enzymes) B. taurus (Cow) Trypsin S. griseus (Bacteria) Trypsin

  23. Cladogram- Evolutionary relationships

  24. Cladogram- Evolutionary relationships

  25. Divergent Evolution (B) Convergent Evolution

  26. Convergent Evolution • Unrelated organisms in similar environments develop features that are FUNCTIONALLY similar but STRUCTURALLY and GENETICALLY different. • ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES

  27. Divergent Evolution • Related organisms that have similar STRUCTURES and DNA, but FUNCTIONS may be SLIGHTLY different. • HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES

  28. Adaptive Radiation • A type of DIVERGENT EVOLUTION, but with many new SPECIES forming from a SINGLE ANCESTOR • Usually the result of many consecutive events of REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION (storms, earthquakes, geological events, etc.)

  29. REVIEW • Speciation: creation of a new species • 2 different species cannot reproduce and produce fertile, viable offspring • Members of same species with variation can still interbreed

  30. Divergent evolution • Two species are created from common ancestor usually by geographic isolation • Example: polar bear to other species of bears

  31. Adaptive Radiation • One species with lots of variation scatters into several niches and evolve into several new species • Example: Finches in Galapagos

  32. Convergent Evolution • Two species, unrelated, have similar traits • Example: sharks fins, whales fins, fish fins, butterflies wings and bird wings, bat wings • Example: several cat and maned wolf

  33. Convergent evolution • Unrelated organisms develop similar adaptations to the environment in which they live

  34. Coevolution • Two species evolve independently and often adapt together to become interdependent • Example: flower and bee (pollinator)

  35. Selective Breeding (artificial selection) • Selection by humans • Coevolution is driven by natural selection

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