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Understanding Polymer Formation: Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis in Carbohydrates

This article delves into the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis in building and breaking down polymers, specifically carbohydrates. It explains how monomers are joined through dehydration synthesis, which removes water and requires energy, and explores the reverse process of hydrolysis that uses water to break polymers into monomers. Key carbohydrate examples such as simple sugars, starches, glycogen, cellulose, and their functions in energy storage and structural integrity are highlighted, alongside discussion of lipids and their roles.

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Understanding Polymer Formation: Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis in Carbohydrates

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  1. Macromolecules

  2. How to build a polymer • dehydration synthesis • joins monomers by “taking” H2O out • requires energy & enzymes • Structure and function of polymers are derived from the way their monomers are assembled [4.A.1.a]

  3. How to break down a polymer • Hydrolysis • use H2O to break apart monomers • ex: digestion

  4. Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates are composed of C, H, O carbo - hydr - ate (CH2O)x Function: Monomer: Examples:

  5. Numbered carbons C 6' C O 5' C C 4' 1' C C 3' 2'

  6. Buildingsugars • Dehydration synthesis builds sugars [4.A.1.a.4]

  7. Simple & complex sugars

  8. Polysaccharides • Function: • energy storage • starch (plants) • glycogen (animals) • building materials = structure • cellulose (plants) • chitin (arthropods & fungi)

  9. Polysaccharides

  10. Cellulose The nature of carbohydrate bonds determines their orientation and thus the structure [4.A.1.b.3]

  11. Lipids Function: Structure: Examples:

  12. Phospholipids • Hydrophobic or hydrophilic? • fatty acid tails = hydrophobic • PO4 = hydrophilic head

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