1 / 28

Managing Manure for Crop Production when Feeding DDGS

Managing Manure for Crop Production when Feeding DDGS. Kyle Jensen ISU Extension Field Specialist-Crops. Feeding DDGS Changes the Manure Nutrient Content. Crude Protein is higher Phosphorus is higher Rule of Thumb DDGS contain about 3 times the nutrient analysis of corn.

keiji
Download Presentation

Managing Manure for Crop Production when Feeding DDGS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Managing Manure for Crop Production when Feeding DDGS Kyle Jensen ISU Extension Field Specialist-Crops

  2. Feeding DDGS Changes the Manure Nutrient Content • Crude Protein is higher • Phosphorus is higher • Rule of Thumb • DDGS contain about 3 times the nutrient analysis of corn

  3. Corn and Soybean requirements • Nitrogen • Phosphorus • Potassium • Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur • Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mo, B, Cl

  4. How Much N do I need • Depends on the year • Favorable growing conditions • More N • Unfavorable growing conditions • Get by with less N

  5. $2.20/bu $0.11/lb N $0.22 $0.33 $0.44 MRTN LOW HIGH Maximum Return To N and Most Profitable N Rate Range

  6. Maximum Return To N and Most Profitable N Rate Range http://extension.agron.iastate.edu/soilfertility/nrate.aspx

  7. How much P do I need • Look at soil sampling results • Try to stay in the optimum range • 11-20 ppm depending on subsoil amount • Crop removal • Corn –grain, silage, and/or stover • Soybeans

  8. Nutrient Content of Harvested Crops

  9. Current Grain P2O5 Removal • Anywhere from 80-125# P2O5 per rotation • Corn • 150 bu 56# P2O5 • 175 bu 66# P2O5 • 200 bu 75# P2O5 • Soybeans • 40 bu 32# P2O5 • 50 bu 40# P2O5 • 60 bu 48# P2O5

  10. Long-Term Benefits From Agronomic Application of Manure To Crop Land • Improved productivity • Improved fertility • Essential plant nutrients • Adds organic matter • Stimulates biological activity • Improves physical structure • Infiltration • Stability • Water holding capacity • Bulk density

  11. Nutrients in manure should be managed with the same care as commercial fertilizer • We have to determine: • Amount of nutrients in the manure • Availability of the nutrients to the crop • Amount of nutrients needed to optimize crop yields • That manure is being applied uniformly

  12. Determining the Nutrient Content of Manure • Have a certified lab test the manure • Having a chemical analysis • Needs to be done from representative sample of manure • Eliminates the question of what might be the nutrient content of the manure

  13. Plant availability of the nutrients in animal manure • Animal manure contains all the nutrients essential for plant growth. • The nutrients are present in both organic and inorganic forms. • The nutrients in inorganic form are readily available. • The nutrients in organic form must be converted into inorganic form. This conversion, mineralization, is accomplished by microorganisms that live in all soils

  14. Availability of nitrogen in animal manure • Nitrogen is present in both organic and inorganic forms in animal manure. • The total amount of N present and the proportion of organic to inorganic N depends on animal species and how the manure is handled and stored. • Recent research suggests: • About 35% of the total N in dry cattle and dairy manure is available to plants the year of application

  15. Nitrogen loss • The two forms of inorganic N in animal manure are ammonium (NH4+) and urea. • If manure is left on the soil’s surface, ammonium and urea will form ammonia gas and be lost to the atmosphere (volatilization). • You must make adjustments for volatilization losses of N.

  16. Use correction factors to account for nitrogen volatilization during land application of animal manure • Correction factors to account for N volatilization during land application of animal manures. • Application Method Correction Factor • Direct injection 0.98 • Bdcst & incorp. w/in 24 hrs 0.95 • Bdcst & incorp. after 24 hrs 0.80 • Bdsct liquid, no incorp. 0.75 • Bdcst dry, no incorp. 0.70 • Irrigation, no incorp. 0.60 • Source: Iowa Department of Natural Resources

  17. Availability of phosphorus in animal manure • P is present in both inorganic and organic forms. • If the soil test for P is “high” or “very high” consider that 100% of the P is available. • If the soil test for P is “very low,” “low,” or “optimum” consider that 60% of the total P will be available the year of application.

  18. To determine a rate what nutrient do I use? • Manure application rates can be determined using either N, P, or K needs. • Depending on which set of regulations you fall under, and P index value. • N and P are used most frequently to determine application rates.

  19. Example of determining a Rate You have solid manure from a beef operation that contains 12 lb N, 6 lb P2O5, and 12 lb K2O per ton. You have established that you can grow 175 bushels of corn per acre on a field in southwest Iowa. Last year’s soybean crop yielded 50 bushels/acre. N fertilizer = (175 x 1.2) - 50 lb N/acre = 210 - 50 = 160 lb N/acre Manure rate = 160 lb N/acre  2.9 lb N per ton = 55 tons/acre But did we over apply P [55 tons x 6 lb P2O5/ton = 330 lb P2O5/acre]

  20. Example of determining a Rate (Problem) You have solid manure from a beef operation that contains 12 lb N, 6 lb P2O5, and 12 lb K2O per ton. But did we over apply P [55 tons x 6 lb P2O5/ton = 330 lb P2O5/acre] According to your P index can you apply according to N requirements or P?

  21. Tons of Manure vs. Nutrient Need

  22. Concerns with DDGS • From Table 2, “Use of Distillers Grain in Feedlot Diets” • 15% DDGS in diet increases excreted P2O5 by 20% • 25% increases excreted by 40% • 40% increase by 70% • Additional Concern regarding Application Dry manure spreaders are not calibrated often enough Dry spreaders aren’t always very uniform in application.

  23. Manure Application: things to think about • Fall applications allow time for organic portions of the manure to mineralize. • Fall applications also allow for more potential N loss to the environment. • To conserve N that is in the manure from loss • Apply manure in the fall when the soil temperature (4” deep in the soil) is 50o F and cooling. • Applying manure to frozen soils increases the potential for environmental contamination. • N and P movement into surface water can be significant. • Apply only on relatively flat land (slopes of 4 % or less). • A little common sense will keep problems away

  24. Feeding DDGS, How am I going to change to accommodate higher manure P • Applying manure with higher P content • Crop removal • Soil test results • Manure test results • Higher P manure if applied by P requirements: • Larger number of acres to apply • Different/Better equipment to get to these acres? (may be further away) • More acres=more time

  25. Summary • Commercial fertilizer costs $ • $400 anhydrous 1#N is $0.24 • $340 11-52-0 1# P2O5 is $0.33 • $255 0-0-60 1# K2O is $0.21 • What your manure is worth in terms of nutrients and organic matter = increased biological activity, better soil structure, increased infiltration, increased water holding capacity, increased pH buffering capacity • Corn - Corn rotations will need more N and P than a traditional Corn - Soybean rotation • Use your resource and take credit for it

  26. Questions-comments?

More Related