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Which are solutions?

Which are solutions?. Solutions. A. A solution is a uniform mixture of substances. Types of solutions: solid in liquid: NaCl in water  Na + , Cl - , H 2 0 gas in gas: Air (N 2 , O 2 , Ar, etc)

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Which are solutions?

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  1. Which are solutions?

  2. Solutions • A. A solution is a uniform mixture of substances. • Types of solutions: • solid in liquid: NaCl in water  Na+, Cl-, H20 • gas in gas: Air (N2, O2, Ar, etc) • solid in solid: Bronze (Cu and Sn) = an alloy • gas in liquid: CO2 in H2O • liquid in liquid: alcohol in H2O • liquid in solid: Hg in Ag

  3. 2. solute: substance being dissolved • the smaller amount • solvent: dissolves the solute • the greater amount • Ex. solution solute solvent • salt water • air NaCl water O2 N2

  4. 3. The most common solvent: water Water solutions are called aqueous (aq) Ex: In water: NaCl(s)  Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) solid water

  5. Water H2O is polar. It has a + and – side: Attracts + charges - O H H + + Attracts - charges NaCl dissolves because: Cl + Na - - - + +

  6. Ex. Surface tension occurs because water molecules attract each other.

  7. Oil is nonpolar.  H2O cannot pull it apart.  It does not dissolve in water. Pentane: Diesel oil: Olive oil:

  8. Oil slicks

  9. Rule: Likes dissolve likes: • 1. Polar substances dissolve polar ones. • Ex. NaCl in water • Nonpolar substances dissolve nonpolar ones. • Ex. Oil in turpentine • 3. Nonpolar ones do NOT dissolve nonpolar ones. • Ex. Water does not dissolve oil.

  10. 4. An electrolyte conducts electricity in a solution because the solute is ions. Ex: Na+ and Cl- are charged. They conduct.

  11. Which solution contains electrolytes?

  12. 4. An electrolyte conducts electricity in a solution because the solute is ions. Ex: Na+ and Cl- are charged. They conduct. Non-electrolyte: solution does not conduct electricity. Ex: Sugar (C6H12O6) is not charged.

  13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1fKzw05Q5A It’s what plants crave.

  14. 5. Particles in solution are too small to filter out, but they can be separated by other physical means. • Ex Desalination of sea water by distillation • When salt water is boiled, the salt remains. • The pure water can be condensed and used.

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