1 / 13

Reflections on P.C.Chang( 张彭春）： a chief drafter of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Reflections on P.C.Chang( 张彭春）： a chief drafter of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Zhiyuan Cui cui-zy@tsinghua.edu.cn www.cui-zy.cn. What is “Modernity”?. The last chapter of Umberto Eco’s “Open Work” is titled “The Middle Age of James Joyce”: break way with the past, but?

kato
Download Presentation

Reflections on P.C.Chang( 张彭春）： a chief drafter of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Reflections on P.C.Chang(张彭春）：a chief drafter of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Zhiyuan Cui cui-zy@tsinghua.edu.cn www.cui-zy.cn

  2. What is “Modernity”? The last chapter of Umberto Eco’s “Open Work” is titled “The Middle Age of James Joyce”: break way with the past, but? Bruno Latour’s book : “We have Never Been Modern”

  3. Arnold Toynbee’s “Postmodern” In the 8th volume of his “Study of History” published in 1954, Arnold Toynbee dubbed the epoch that had opened with the Franco-Prussian War the “post-modern age”:　“Western Communities became modern as soon as they succeeded in producing a bourgeoisie that was both numerous enough and competent enough…”

  4. Charles Olson’s “postmodern” Perry Anderson, in his book “The Origins of Postmodernity”, points out that the American poet Charles Olson was the first in the English language literature to use the word “postmodern”---but he used it to mark the Chinese Communist’s taking over of Beijing in 1949 ! --- Postmodern as “Anti—Wasteland (T.S.Eliot)”

  5. Perry Anderson on Charles Olson “The poem opens with the legend of Angkor Wat’s trade in the blue-green plumage of the kingfisher and the enigma of Plutarch’s rock at Delphi, intersecting Mao’s report to the CCP—time and space in counter-pointed balance: I thought of the E on the stone, and of what Mao said La lumiere But the kingfisher…”

  6. Mary Ann Glendon: “A World Made New: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights”

  7. Mary Ann Glendon Professor at Harvard Law School The US Ambassador to the Holy See from 2007-2009 The leader of the anti-condom movement

  8. P.C.Chang (张彭春） • 清华大学第一任教务长 （Tsinghua University’s first Vice President in charge of academic affairs” • 新月派诗人的领袖( “New Moon” school of modern Chinese Poetry) • The advisor to 梅兰芳（Mei Lan Fang）on Beijing opera • the only Vice Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights

  9. “人权”问题 • 张彭春（清华第一任教务长）在联合国人权宣言起草中的关键作用 • 作者是哈佛大学法学院的国际法和女权主义教授，现任美国驻梵蒂冈大使 • 第67页： 张彭春把“仁”解释为“two-man mindedness",因 “仁”字形意味“两个人”。 • 1948年 联合国人权宣言最终文本接受了张彭春的建议，取消了和“上帝”，“自然法”有关的对人权来源的表达。可见，普世价值不等于西方。 第145页： 张彭春作为 联合国人权委员会唯一的副主席（主席是罗斯福夫人，她比罗斯福更“左翼”），是宣言起草中的两个精神领袖，另一是黎巴嫩哲学家Charles Malik (他曾直接先后求学于怀特海和海德格尔,博士论文题目是“怀特海和海德格尔时间观比较研究”），他也是阿拉伯世界在联合国反对以色列建国的主将）。 • 美国“布朗诉教育委员会案”和冷战的关系

  10. P.C.Chang’s Contribution to the Final Text “P.C. Chang suggested that besides naming “reason” as an essential human attribute, the article ought to include another concept. What he had in mind was a Chinese word that in literal translation meant “two man mindedness”(仁）, but which might be expressed as in English as “consciousness of one’s fellow man””. The final text is “reason and conscience”.

  11. What is my point anyway? Particular , Universal and Infinite

  12. “言论自由”问题 " 言论限制法或议程排除程序 ", 作者是美国普林斯顿大学政治哲学家 Steven Holmes. 他用尼采的 " 积极健忘 "( 尼采在 " 历史对于人生的利与弊 " 中提出 ) 来解释美国的 " 言论限制法或议程排除程序 ". 在第 36 页上 , 他说 : " 美国众议院在 1836 年通过了第一项言论限制规则 : 无论以何种方式或在何种程度上与奴隶制或奴隶制的存废有关的情愿 , 建议 , 决议或文章都不得付印或提及 , 而应予搁置 " Steven Holmes 这里并不是为奴隶制辩护 , 而是指出一个美国宪法史上的事实 : 伤疤不是必须每时每刻被揭开 . 如果美国多数人和媒体没有对开国元勋都是大奴隶主的尼采式的 " 积极健忘 ", 人们就没有任何理由肯定美国独立建国是人类争取自由民主进程的重要一步了 . " 积极健忘 " 不等于一定永远不谈。美国“言论限制法或议程排除程序”也不等于没有言论自由，不是每时每刻揭伤疤才算有言论自由。 尼采的积极健忘一例 : 现在除了少数历史学家 , 多数美国人都忘了麦克阿瑟和艾森豪威尔 1932 的华盛顿惨案 --- 当时 20000 一次大战老兵和他们的家属在华盛顿国会附近搭帐篷住了 1 个多月 , 要求把原定 1945 年兑现的 Bonus 马上发给他们 ( 因 1930 大萧条 ). 麦克阿瑟和艾森豪威尔在胡佛总统同意下出动坦克驱散 2 万老兵和家属 , 艾森豪威尔有些犹豫 , 但麦克阿瑟说背后有共产党 , 坚决主张开枪 , 结果造成惨案 。

  13. 媒体竞争与事实真相 “Journal of Economic Perspective”（美国经济学会的三个刊物之一）最近发表关于媒体竞争与事实真相的复杂关系的文章。简单概括，此文总结了不少经济学和心理学模型和数据，论证如下命题：如果偏见来自新闻的供应方，媒体竞争有助于接近事实真相；但如果偏见来自新闻的需求方，媒体竞争则会竞相趋附需求方的偏见或高度分化（如极左和极右刊物）。 2008年8月8日我在巴西参加会议早餐时正是北京奥运开幕之时，但餐桌上的话题却是刚刚发生的格鲁吉亚与俄国的危机。两个俄国人（一学者，一议员）抱怨说，纽约时报的报导歪曲太大，给人俄国侵略格鲁吉亚的感觉。我问何故，他们说 报导全然不提南奥是说伊朗语的民族居多，根据苏联解体时签署的独联体协定，俄罗斯负责承担前加盟共和国的债务并许可前加盟共和国公民申请加入俄国国籍， 当南奥说伊朗语的人以个人身份申请入俄籍时，俄根据独联体协定不能不接受。这时两个俄国人怀疑美国媒体的阴谋。我说我倒不太相信阴谋论，随之介绍了上述关于媒体竞争与事实真相的复杂关系的文章。 同桌的伦敦经济学院教授Julian le Grand马上联系到西方媒体对中国的大量负面报导。他自问自答道：什么是来自新闻的需求方的对中国的偏见？“嫉妒”和“恐惧”。他没有再解释为什麽“嫉妒”和“恐惧”，我也没好意思追问。Julian le Grand曾从伦敦经济学院教授请假两年担任布莱尔的卫生和福利政策顾问，是英国社会分红政策的提出者之一（2004年9月1日后出生的婴儿每人有一个帐户）。他的敏锐令人有些吃惊。

More Related