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Exploring World Religions: Origins and Basic Beliefs

Explore the origins and foundational beliefs of major world religions such as Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism, Shintoism, and Taoism. Discover how these diverse faiths shape the worldview and practices of billions of followers worldwide.

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Exploring World Religions: Origins and Basic Beliefs

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  1. WORLD RELIGIONS GR7 World History

  2. CHRISTIANITY • Origins – founded by Jesus Christ in 30 A.D., in Israel • Approx 2 billion followers - Catholics, Protestants and Eastern Orthodox (Greek and Russian Church) • Holy text is called the Bible • Symbols

  3. CHRISTIANITY Basic Beliefs and Philosophy • Monotheistic - One God • Holy Trinity – God the Father, Son and Holy Spirit • Salvation is through faith in Jesus Christ who died on the cross for our sins so that we may have everlasting life (John 3:16)

  4. JUDAISM • Origins – religion of the Hebrews or Jewish people, 1300 B.C., in Israel • Approx 14 million followers • Holy text is called the Torah • Symbol

  5. JUDAISM Basic Beliefs and Philosophy • Monotheistic - One God (Yahweh) • Obey God’s commandments & live ethically • Focus is more on this life rather than life after death • Temple service is on Saturdays; eat only Kosher foods; no consumption of pork • Holidays – Hanukah, Passover, Yom Kippur

  6. ISLAM • Origins – founded by Muhammad in 622 A.D., in Saudi Arabia • Approx 1.3 billion followers – Sunni and Shiite • Religious text is called the Qur’an • Symbol

  7. ISLAM Basic Beliefs and Philosophy • Monotheistic – god is called “Allah” in Arabic • Humans must submit to the will of god to gain paradise after death • Must follow the Five Pillars (faith, prayer, alms, pilgrimage, fasting) • Holidays – Ramadan and Hajj

  8. BUDDHISM • Origins – founded by Siddharta Gautama (the Buddha) in 520 B.C., in India • Approx 360 million followers • Religious text is called Pali Canon • Symbols

  9. BUDDHISM Basic Beliefs and Philosophy • Polytheistic – purpose is to avoid suffering and gain enlightenment through reincarnation • Purpose is personal spiritual development and deeper insight into the true nature of life through meditation, mantras (chants) of devotion to deities (gods) • Holidays – New Year (February) & Vaishakha Festival

  10. HINDUISM • Origins – in the Indus Valley (Pakistan) around 1500 B.C.; there is no founder • Approx 900 million followers • Religious text is called Reg Vega • Symbol

  11. HINDUISM Basic Beliefs and Philosophy • Polytheistic – universal eternal soul which is present in everything • Their existence is a cycle that include birth, death and rebirth (reincarnation) that is governed by karma (your works) • Holidays – Festival of Lights and Diwali

  12. CONFUCIANISM • Origins – founded by Confucius in 551-479 B.C., in China • Approx 5-6 million followers • Famous writings called Analects • Symbol

  13. CONFUCIANISM Basic Beliefs and Philosophy • Non-theistic (no belief in God); human nature is focus • Purpose of life is to fulfill one’s role in society with propriety (proper behavior), honor, honesty, politeness and loyalty to family and nation • Holidays – Confucius birthday (Sept 28th)

  14. SHINTOISM • Origins – founded by , in Japan • Approx 3-4 million followers • Important historical texts called Kojiki records • Symbol

  15. SHINTOISM Basic Beliefs and Philosophy • Non-theistic – way of the gods • Belief that everything contains “kami” (god or spirit) thus should be worshipped including mythological creatures, spirit figures and human ancestors • Holiday – Harvest Festival

  16. TAOISM • Origins – founded by Lao-Tze in 550 B.C., in China (also called Daoism) • Approx 20 million followers • Important text called Tao-teChing • Symbol

  17. TAOISM Basic Beliefs and Philosophy • Non-theistic – • Belief that they are born in a state of purity, imperfect but capable of seeking the Tao and doing good • Purpose is to seek inner harmony and peace through the Tao, then revert back to a state of non-being • Holidays – Chinese New Year, Lantern & Dragon Festivals

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