Managing Genome-Diet Interactions: Genetic and Epigenetic Contributions to Nutrition and Health
This article explores the intricate relationships between genetics, epigenetics, and human nutrition. Specifically, it discusses how nutrient-genome interactions influence nutrient absorption, utilization, and overall health. Featuring insights into the fetal origins of disease and early nutritional experiences, it highlights the role of epigenetic factors in disease risk, including obesity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Practical guidelines for establishing dietary requirements based on genomic criteria are also presented, considering factors like gene expression and DNA methylation.
Managing Genome-Diet Interactions: Genetic and Epigenetic Contributions to Nutrition and Health
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Presentation Transcript
Genetic and Epigenetic Contributions to Human Nutrition and Health: Managing Genome-Diet Interactions Patrick J. Stover, PhD.: Cornell University (CU) Marie A. Caudill. PhD, RD: CU JOURNAL OF THEAMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Stover, P, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 108 (9), Sep. 2008
Genetic and Epigenetic Contributions to Human Nutrition and Health: Managing Genome-Diet Interactions Nutrient-genome interactions. Nutrient Absorption Nutrient Utilization Food/Nutrient Tolerance Nutrient Requirement Food/Nutrient Nutrigenomics Nutrigenetics Genome Evolution/Selection Genome Mutation Rate In-utero Genome Viability Genome Programming Gene Expression Genetic Variation JOURNAL OF THEAMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Stover, P, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 108 (9), Sep. 2008
Genetic and Epigenetic Contributions to Human Nutrition and Health: Managing Genome-Diet Interactions The fetal origins of disease hypothesis. Early Nutrition Experiences Malnutrition Sub-optimal-nutrient Environments Risk Phenotype Obesity Hypertension Insulin Resistance Adult Onset Disease CVD Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome “Program” “Imprint” CVD = Cardiovascular disease JOURNAL OF THEAMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Stover, P, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 108 (9), Sep. 2008
Genetic and Epigenetic Contributions to Human Nutrition and Health: Managing Genome-Diet Interactions Nutrition/Metabolism Genome Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism is a conduit between the cellular 628 nutrient environment and genome synthesis and methylation. ATP/ADP NADP+/NADPH Folate Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 Riboflavin Zinc Iron Amino Acids Carbohydrates DNA Synthesis - Deoxyribonucleotides Chromatin Structure - DNA Methylation -Histone Methylation One-Carbon Metabolism ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate ADP = Adenosine Diphosphate NADP+ = Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH = Reduced form of NADP+ DNA =Deoxyribonucleic acid JOURNAL OF THEAMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Stover, P, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 108 (9), Sep. 2008
Genetic and Epigenetic Contributions to Human Nutrition and Health: Managing Genome-Diet Interactions Possible genomic criteria for establishing dietary requirements. • Possible genomic criteria for setting the EAR and UL • Uracil in DNA • Mutation rate • Protein profiles • Genome methylation • Gene expression profiles EAR = Estimated Average Requirement; UL = Tolerable Upper Intake Levels RDA = Recommended Dietary Allowances DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid JOURNAL OF THEAMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Stover, P, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 108 (9), Sep. 2008
