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CLINICAL CALCULATIONS

CLINICAL CALCULATIONS. NURS 1510. Equivalents of Measurements. Metric: decimal system, most logically organized. Each unit is organized into units of 10. In X the decimal moves to the “R”; in division it moves “L” Basic measurement=meter(L), liter(volume), gram(weight) . Basic units:

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CLINICAL CALCULATIONS

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  1. CLINICAL CALCULATIONS NURS 1510

  2. Equivalents of Measurements Metric: decimal system, most logically organized. Each unit is organized into units of 10. In X the decimal moves to the “R”; in division it moves “L” Basic measurement=meter(L), liter(volume), gram(weight)

  3. Basic units: • Deci 1/10 or 0.1 • Centi 1/100 or 0.01 • Milli 1/1000 or 0.001 • 500mg or 0.5g, not 1/2g • 10ml or 0.01L, not 1/100L • With fractions the zero is always place in front of the decimal to prevent error

  4. Conversion in One System • In metric system, division or multiplication are used, ie, to change mg to g. divide by 1000 or move the decimal 3 points to the left • To convert liters to ml, multiply by 1000 or move the decimal 3 points to the right

  5. To convert units of measurement within the apothecary or household system, must know the equivalent. • Example: To convert ounces to quarts must know 32 oz is = to 1 quart • To convert 8 oz to a quart measurement, divide 8 by 32 to get the equivalent, ¼ or 0.25 quart

  6. Setting Up the Calculations • When looking at a medication order, ask yourself 3 questions: What did the MD order? (desired quantity) What do I have on hand? (dose available) What conversion factor (conversion do I need? factor)

  7. The desired quantity is the MD order, (10mg, v gr) • The dose available is found on the drug label, (tablet, number of capsules, ml) • *Remember, the quantity of tablets, capsules, or ml is always the numerator of the dose available; the amount (or dosage) is in the denominator

  8. To decide which equivalent measure should be in the numerator and which should be in the denominator, look at the units of measure in the desired quantity. • The units of measure in the desired quantity should be in the denominator of the conversion factor (i.e.,if the desired quantity is 100 mg and the equivalent conversion factor is 1000 mg = 1 g, then the conversion factor in fraction form should be 1 g / 1000mg

  9. Formula Desired quantity x Dose available X Conversion (if factor needed) = Amount to Administer This is a simple formula that uses ratio and proportions which will help you both correctly set up and solve dosage calculation problems

  10. MD order: ASA 300 mg q4h prn pain • Drug label: ASA 1 tab = v gr • Conversion factor: 1 gr = 60 mg • 5gr x 1 tab x 60 mg = x • 300mg 1 gr • 5 x 1 tab x 60 = 300 tab = x • 300 300

  11. continued • 300 tab = x • 300 • x = 1 tab

  12. More Formulas • Another basic formula that can be used when preparing solid or liquid forms: Desire dose X Amt on hand = Amt to give dose Have Demerol 50 mg ordered comes in 100 mg vial in I cc

  13. Rate of infusions • Amount in cc’s X drip factor = gtt/min • time in minutes

  14. Conversions to know • 1 gram (G) = 1000 milligrams (mg) • 1000 micrograms (mcg) = 1 mg • 60-65 mg = 1 grain (gr) • 1 fluid ounce = 30 ml or 2 tablespoons • 1 teaspoon = 5 ml • 1000 ml = 1 quart or 1 liter • 1 kg = 2.2 pounds (lb) • 1 inch = 2.54 cm

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