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The Progressive Era. Help. The only help that was available to any group came from charitable organizations such as:
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Help • The only help that was available to any group came from charitable organizations such as: • Settlement House Movement – started in Chicago by Jane Addams these “houses” were established to help the poor achieve greater success through educational training and social gatherings • Social Gospel Movement – this movement worked to “Christianize” workers by offering help to the poor in the name of God.
Who are the progressives? What is a progressive? What kind of person was he/she?
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Incident in NYC where a fire erupted in a textile factory that employed many immigrant women. The managers fearing theft from the employees had locked the fire escapes and 140 workers died. The incident caused NYC to pass stronger fire codes and other cities followed.
Progressive Politicians • Politicians on all levels of government brought progressive reforms to their level. • Cities – big city mayors – change came with city commissioners • State – leader in Progressive reforms was Robert La Follette. His reforms became known as the Wisconsin Idea • National – Progressive Presidents included Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson • Progressivism in the Supreme Court – Muller v. Oregon – stated that women should be limited to a 10 hour workday.
Progressive Election Reforms • The aim was to give citizens more power in their government • Direct Primary – a nominating election in which voters choose the candidates who later run in a general election. • 17th Amendment (1912) – direct election of Senators • Initiative, Referendum, and Recall – define each.
Muckrakers What is a muckraker? Who is Ida Tarbell and what was the impact of her writings? What did Lincoln Steffens write about? What did Jacob Riis write about?
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle Then one Sunday evening, Jurgis sat puffing his pipe by the kitchen stove, and talking with an old fellow whom Jonas had introduced, and who worked in the canning-rooms at Durham’s; and so Jurgis learned a few things about the great and only Durham canned goods, which had become a national institution. They were regular alchemists at Durham’s; they advertised a mushroom-catsup, and the men who made it did not know what a mushroom looked like. They advertised “potted chicken,” – and it was like the boarding-house soup of the comic papers, through which a chicken had walked with rubbers on. Perhaps they had a secret process for making chickens chemically – who knows? Said Jurgis’s friend; the things that went into the mixture were tripe, and the fat of pork, and beef suet, and hearts of beef, and finally the waste ends of veal, when they had any. They put these up in several grades, and sold them at several prices; but the contents of the cans all came out of the same hopper. And then there was “potted game: and “potted grouse,”“potted ham,” and “devilled ham” – de-vyled, as the men called it. “De-vyled” ham was made out of the waste ends of smoked beef that were too small to be sliced by the machines; and also tripe, dyed with chemicals so that it would not show white; and trimmings of hams and corned beef; and potatoes, skins and all; and finally the hard cartilaginous gullets of beef, after the tongues had been cut out. All this ingenious mixture was ground up and flavored with spices to make it taste like something. Anybody who could invent a new imitation had been sure of a fortune from old Durham, said Jurgis’s informant but it was hard to think of anything new in a place where so many sharp wits had been at work for so long; where men welcomed tuberculosis in the cattle they were feeding, because it made them fatten more quickly; and where they bought up all the old rancid butter left over in the grocery stores of a continent, and “oxidized” it by a forced-air process, to take away the odor, rechurned it with skim-milk, and sold it in bricks in the cities! Up to a year or two ago it had been the custom to kill horses in Pakingtown, and the law was really complied with – for the present, at any rate. Any day, however, one might see sharp-horned and shaggy cretures running with the sheep – and yet what a job you would have to get the public to believe that a good part of what it buys for lamb and mutton is really goat’s flesh! What do you think was the reaction of the reader would have been to the above excerpt?
Became Vice-President under McKinley in the Election of 1900 1900 VP
Square Deal Assignment • Beginning on page 317, Read about the reforms put into effect under Roosevelt’s Square Deal. Fill out the blocks of the cross with his reforms (laws). One square will include the title “Square Deal” along with your name. • Color it and then cut it out and form a cube.
Election of 1908 Roosevelt, staying with tradition, decided not to run for a third term as president. So he handpicked his successor in Taft whom he thought would carry on the same policies as himself.
Believing the U.S. was left in good hands, Roosevelt went to Africa on a safari.
Taft’s Policies • Anti-Trust: Taft busted up over 90 trusts in his 4 year term (almost double that of Roosevelt) Tennessee Iron and Coal Case • Conservation : Following Roosevelt’s example, Taft placed more land under federal protection.
Taft stumbles The Payne-Aldrich tariff – was a compromise of two different bills. Most progressives wanted low tariffs but this raised tariffs for many goods The Ballinger-Pinchot Affair – Why did this incident look bad to progressives?
Roosevelt came back to run in the 1912 election Taft received the Republican nomination Roosevelt created a new political party – The Progressive Party (aka “Bull moose”) “New Nationalism” 8- Hour workday Women’s Suffrage Child Labor Laws Direct Election of Senators Lower Tariff The New Ted
“We stand at Armageddon and do battle for the Lord!”TR, 1912 Progressive Convention
Wilson’s New Freedom • After reading Section 5 of Ch . 9 (p.332) – describe the policy of Wilson’s New Freedom in the following areas. • Tariffs • Banking • Big Business • Temperance • Taxes • Women’s Suffrage
African-Americans in the Progressive movement • The Progressive politicians for the most part ignored the problems faced by African Americans but two AA leaders emerged at this time to stand up for the rights of AAs • What differed in the views of W.E.B Du Bois and Booker T. Washington?
African-Americans in the late 1800s • Even through the work of WEB Du Bois and Booker T Washington, discrimination and segregation was a common practice and even became law. • Plessy v. Ferguson was a Supreme Court decision that declares “separate but equal”
End of Progressivism What brought an end to Progressivism?
